Wearing clothes that are generally worn by a person of a different gender and behaving in a way that makes them appear to be of a different gender is an act of gender expression. There are a wide range of reasons and purposes for doing so, such as to obtain sexual excitement or to liven up an event as a performance. When transgender people, who have a gender identity different from the sex they were assigned at birth, wear clothes that match their gender identity, it is often seen as cross-dressing. However, in such cases, if we respect the person's sense that they have matched their clothes to their original gender, it should not be called cross-dressing. There are people whose gender identity is unstable, and people who have a gender identity that is neither male nor female (→X gender), and it is difficult to identify what constitutes cross-dressing in such cases. The term cross-dressing originally assumes that men and women are clearly divided and that the clothes worn by each are fixed, so opinions differ on the scope of application of the term depending on the standpoint on gender. Because the English word "transvestism" has a medical diagnostic feel to it, it is also referred to as "cross-dressing" as a general term. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
自己と異なる性別が一般的に着用するものとされる衣服を身に着けること,また異なる性別に見えるようにふるまうなどの性別表現を行なうこと。性的な興奮を得るためや,パフォーマンスとしてイベントなどを盛り上げるためなど,それを行なう理由,目的の幅が広い。出生時の体で判別された性別と異なる性別の性自認(性同一性)をもつトランスジェンダーが,自身の性自認に合った衣服を身につけることも往々にして異性装として見られがちである。しかし,その場合,自分の本来の性別に衣服を合わせたという当人の感覚を尊重するなら,異性装と呼ぶべきではないといえる。性自認がゆれる人や,男女のどちらでもないなどの性自認をもつ人(→Xジェンダー)もおり,そのような場合になにを異性装というか,同定は困難である。もともと異性装という語は,男女が明確に二分され,それぞれが身にまとう衣服が固定化されているということを前提としているため,性別をとらえる立場の違いにより,その語の適用範囲について意見が分かれる。英語の transvestismは医学診断的な語感をもつため,包括的な表現として cross-dressingともいわれる。
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