Shima Province - Island Country

Former name of a province in central-eastern Mie prefecture. Occupies the southern half of the Shima Peninsula. Located southeast of Ise Province, it is made up of many islands. The Shima Peninsula faces the Pacific Ocean, faces the Atsumi Peninsula, and controls the entrance to the Ise Sea. Jomon-style pottery and stone tools have been discovered in various places, including the Azuri shell mound in Shima City, and Yayoi period ruins can also be seen. Many ancient folk customs remain on remote islands such as Toshijima, Kamijima, and Sugashima (all in Toba City), and they are also attracting attention in the field of folklore studies. In addition, there are ancient tombs in Ago, Daio, and Hamajima towns in Shima City, and the Shijima Tomb Group (Shijima, Ago Town, Shima City) and the Medyama Tomb (Hamajima, Hamajima Town, Shima City) are particularly famous. The Kojiki mentions Shima Hayanie and Shimazu Province (Shima is Shima, and Tsu is a particle), and the Shima Kuni no Miyatsuko was established in the past, with the place name of the provincial capital remaining in Ago Town, Shima City. The Engishiki states that Shima was a province on the Tokaido road and belonged to the Kinkoku region, and was originally a district of Toshi County, but in the Nara period, Sagi County was separated, and after the Heian period, it became two districts, Toshi and Ago. The province is lined with low mountains, has little arable land, and produces very little grain compared to other provinces, but is rich in seafood. The Engishiki states that the tribute includes abalone, bonito, sea cucumber, small fish, purple cabbage, sea pine, antler greens, seaweed, seaweed root, horned vegetables, ogonori, and slippery seaweed, and the tribute includes finely cut dried fish of bonito, bonito, and sea bream. The remains of Kokubunji Temple are located in Kokufu, Ago-cho, Shima City, and fragments of roof tiles from that time are stored here. The province has a deep connection with Ise Grand Shrine, and in Toshi District (present-day Isobe-cho, Shima City) is Izawanomiya, a branch shrine of Ise Naiku and the Ichinomiya of Shima Province. 66 households were enfeoffed to the shrine, and a mikuriya kitchen was also established. The custom of offering sacred food, such as sea bream from Obama, sea bass from Matoya to the Naiku, and oysters from Tategami to the Geku, continued until the Meiji period, and even today, trout are prepared in Kuzaki and offered at the Sansetsu Festival. The province has a well-developed port, and in the Middle Ages, Toshiura, Kunizaki, and Matoya were famous. At the end of the Sengoku period, Kuki Yoshitaka took control of the entire Shima Province, and during the Bunroku and Keicho Wars, the Toba Navy gained fame. During the Edo period, the Toba Domain was ruled by the feudal lords Naito, Doi, Matsudaira (Ogyu), Itakura, Matsudaira (Toda), and Inagaki. At the end of the Edo period, when the Black Ships arrived, the Toba Domain built artillery batteries on islands such as Sugashima and Sakatejima, and on the coastline such as Matayaura, in an effort to defend itself. In 1871 (Meiji 4), it became Toba Prefecture, and after passing through Watarai Prefecture, it was incorporated into Mie Prefecture in 1876, forming one district of Shima. Currently, it is made up of the cities of Toba and Shima.

[Yoshio Harada]

"Isobe Local History" (1963, Dosho Kankokai)" ▽ "Shima Folklore" edited by Wakamori Taro (1965, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)" ▽ "Shima Local History" by Nakaoka Shishu (1970, Nakaoka Shoten)" ▽ "Kamishima" by Ogiwara Hidesaburo (1973, Iba Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

三重県中東部の旧国名。志摩半島の南半部を占める。伊勢(いせ)国の南東にあり、多くの島を擁する。志摩半島は太平洋に臨み、渥美(あつみ)半島と相対し伊勢の海の入口を扼(やく)する。志摩市の阿津里(あづり)貝塚はじめ各地に縄文式土器・石器が発見されており、さらに弥生(やよい)時代遺跡もみられる。答志島(とうしじま)、神島(かみじま)、菅島(すがしま)（以上鳥羽(とば)市）などの離島には古い民俗が多く残存し、民俗学の分野においても注目されている。また志摩市の阿児(あご)、大王(だいおう)、浜島各町には古墳が営まれ、とくに志島(しじま)古墳群（志摩市阿児町志島）、目戸山(めどやま)古墳（志摩市浜島町浜島）は有名。『古事記』には島(しま)の速贄(はやにえ)とか島津国(しまつくに)（島は志摩、津は助辞）とあり、古く志摩国造(くにのみやつこ)が置かれ、志摩市阿児町に国府(こう)の地名が残っている。『延喜式(えんぎしき)』には東海道の一国で近国に属し、初め塔志(とうし)郡の一郡であったが、奈良時代には佐芸(さき)郡を分置、平安時代以降、答志・英虞(あご)の2郡となるとある。当国は低い山々が連なり、耕地狭く穀物は他国に比べきわめて少ないが、海産物は豊富で『延喜主計式』の調(ちょう)には、鰒(あわび)、堅魚(かつお)、熬海鼠(いりこ)、雑魚(ざこ)、紫菜(のり)、海松(みる)、鹿角菜(ふのり)、海藻(め)、海藻根(まなかし)、角俣菜(つのまたのり)、於期菜(おごのり)、滑海藻(あらめ)など、庸(よう)には、鰒、堅魚、鯛(たい)の楚割(すわやり)（細かく割(さ)いた干物）を積み出すことになっていた。国分寺の遺跡は志摩市阿児町国府にあり、当時の瓦(かわら)の破片などが保管されている。当国は伊勢神宮との関係深く答志郡（現志摩市磯部(いそべ)町）に伊勢内宮(ないくう)の別宮で志摩国一宮(いちのみや)であった伊雑宮(いざわのみや)があり、神宮の封戸(ふこ)66戸が置かれ、御厨(みくりや)も定められた。神饌(しんせん)として小浜より鯛、的矢(まとや)より鱸(すずき)を内宮に、立神より牡蠣(かき)を外宮(げくう)に献ずることは明治まで継続され、鰒はいまなお国崎(くざき)で調進され三節祭に供える。当国は港湾が発達しており、中世には答志浦、国崎、的矢などが著名。戦国末期、九鬼嘉隆(くきよしたか)が志摩国一円を手中に収め、文禄(ぶんろく)・慶長(けいちょう)の役では鳥羽水軍の名を高めた。江戸時代には鳥羽藩領で、九鬼氏のあと内藤、土井、松平（大給(おぎゅう)）、板倉、松平（戸田）、稲垣の各大名が在封した。幕末、黒船来航の際、鳥羽藩は菅島、坂手島(さかてじま)などの島や的矢浦などの海岸線に砲台を築いて防備に努めた。1871年（明治4）鳥羽県となり、度会(わたらい)県を経て76年三重県に編入、志摩一郡となる。現在は鳥羽市と志摩市よりなる。

［原田好雄］

『『磯部郷土史』（1963・同書刊行会）』▽『和歌森太郎編『志摩の民俗』（1965・吉川弘文館）』▽『中岡志州著『志摩国郷土史』（1970・中岡書店）』▽『荻原秀三郎著『神島』（1973・井場書店）』

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