boyarstvo

Japanese: boyarstvo
boyarstvo

…However, unlike the old Japanese nobility, not all of them had titles, and they could be said to be more similar to the samurai class that emerged after the Meiji period, but they differed from the samurai in that they had substantial privileges, such as being exempt from poll tax and military service, and being granted the right to own serfs. In Russia, an old aristocracy (boyarstvo) had existed since the days of Kievan Rus, but from around the 15th and 16th centuries, the dvoryanstvo, a class of small landowners who served the Grand Duke of Moscow, emerged as the pillar of the development of a centralized state. Then, with the reforms of Peter the Great in the 18th century, anyone who held a certain position specified in the table of ranks could become a dvoryanin, and the boyarstvo was absorbed into the dvoryanstvo. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "boyarstvo" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ただし日本の旧華族のように,そのすべてが爵位をもつわけではなく,むしろ明治以後の士族に近いものといえるが,人頭税,兵役を免除され,農奴所有権を付与されるなど,実質的な特権をもっていた点で士族とも異なっている。 ロシアではキエフ・ロシアの時代以来,古い貴族層(ボヤールストボboyarstvo)が存在していたが,15~16世紀ごろから,モスクワ大公に奉仕する小領主層であるドボリャンストボが,中央集権国家発展の支柱としてあらわれてきた。そして18世紀のピョートル1世の改革によって,官等表で規定された一定の職につけば,だれでもドボリャニーンになれることになり,ボヤールストボはドボリャンストボに吸収されていった。…

※「boyarstvo」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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