Also known as an offshore berth, this is a facility for large oil tankers that has mooring facilities built offshore in relatively deep waters and equipment for pumping oil from there through pipes installed on the seabed to oil storage tanks on land. It is necessary to select a location in calm waters where breakwaters are not required, that has a large water area and the required depth to allow large ships to berth, and that does not interfere with the navigation of other ships. There are two types of mooring facilities used at sea berths: those using mooring buoys and those using dolphin berths with strut structures. The former can be used only with buoys or in combination with the ship's anchor. Recently, a single large buoy has been used to moor tankers, allowing the ship to rotate around the buoy according to wind, waves, and currents. The latter consists of a breasting dolphin that absorbs the shock when the ship comes alongside the berth and a mooring dolphin that is used to set the mooring lines. Two breasting dolphins and two to four mooring dolphins are generally installed. In the center of the facility, there is an oil pipe and a loading pier for loading and unloading oil. [Takao Horiguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
別名をオフショア・バースoffshore berthともいい、大型オイルタンカーに対して、水深の比較的大きい沖合いに係留施設をつくり、そこから陸上の貯油タンクまで海底に設置したパイプを通じて石油をポンプ圧送する装置をもつ施設。防波堤を設けずにすむ静穏な海域で、大型船の接岸のために広い水域と所要の水深が得られ、他の船舶の航行に支障のない場所を選ぶことが必要である。 シーバースで用いられる係留施設には2種類あり、係船浮標(ブイ)によるものと、脚柱構造をもつドルフィン・バースdolphin berthによるものとがある。前者による船舶の係留には、浮標のみによる場合と、船舶の錨(いかり)を一部併用する場合とがある。最近では単独の大型浮標にタンカーを係留し、風、波、流れに従って船が浮標を中心に旋回できる一点係留ブイが用いられている。後者は、接岸時の衝撃を受け持つブレスティング・ドルフィンbreasting dolphinと、係留の綱取りに用いるムーアリング・ドルフィンmooring dolphinとで構成され、ブレスティング・ドルフィンは2基、ムーアリング・ドルフィンは2~4基設置されるのが一般的である。施設の中央には油送管と油荷役のための荷役桟橋が設けられる。 [堀口孝男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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