One of the zoogeographic regions. It refers to the area of Eurasia excluding tropical Asia plus the northern tip of Africa. It is separated from tropical Asia (Oriental Region) by the Himalayas, and from main Africa (Ethiopian Region) by the Sahara Desert. The Palearctic Region is a vast area stretching from the temperate zone of the Old World to the Arctic Ocean, with a rich variety of vegetation. The northern part is widely covered with subarctic coniferous forests, and further north is tundra. In the warm and humid regions of eastern Asia and central Europe southward, broadleaf and mixed forests develop, while the inland is dry and consists of grasslands or deserts. Most of Japan belongs to the Palearctic Region, and its southern limits are considered to be Yakushima and Tanegashima. The terrestrial fauna of this region is not as diverse as that of the tropical regions of the Old World (Oriental and Ethiopian provinces). Furthermore, many of its faunas are shared with those of North America (Nearctic) or the tropical regions of the Old World, with few endemic faunas. Overall, it can be considered a transitional fauna that combines elements of the Nearctic and tropical regions of the Old World. Some authors, such as PL Sclater, AP Wallace, and PJ Darlington, Jr., treat it as an independent geographical region, but others, such as A. Heilprin and KP Schmidt, emphasize the similarities between the Palearctic and Nearctic and consider the two regions to be lumped together as the Holarctic. Among mammals, the family Ophiuchidae, the family Desert Dormouse, the subfamily Pandas, and the subfamily Dormouse are endemic, while the family Eggplants, the family Equidae, the family Suidae, and the family Jerbos are common to the tropical regions of the Old World. The family Talents, the family Ochotona, the family Beavers, and the family Pikas are also common to the Nearctic. Other representative mammals include the family Sorecoidae, the family Canidae, the family Ursidae, the family Mustelidae, the family Felidae, the family Camelidae, the family Cervidae, the family Bovidae, the family Sciuridae, the family Leporidae, the family Muridae, and the family Vespertilionidae. More than 50 families of birds have been recorded, but the only endemic family is the family Carangidae. The families Loons, Treecreepers, Alcidae, Ptarmigan, and Waxwings are common to the Nearctic, and many of the migratory birds are common to the tropical regions of the Old World. The reptile fauna is relatively poor, with many species related to the Oriental and Ethiopian regions, and there are endemic species of pit vipers, vipers, and lizards. Amphibians are characterized by the large number of caudal species (common to the Nearctic region, such as salamanders). Freshwater fish are dominated by the Cyprinidae family. [Haruo Katakura] ©Shogakukan "> Classification of zoogeographical regions and major endemic animals Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動物地理区の一つ。アジア熱帯地域を除いたユーラシアにアフリカ北端部を加えた地域をさす。アジア熱帯地域(東洋区)とはヒマラヤ山脈によって、アフリカ主要部(エチオピア区)とはサハラ砂漠によって区分される。旧北区は、旧世界の温帯から北極海に至る広大な地域で、植生は変化に富む。北部は広く亜寒帯性針葉樹林に覆われ、さらにその北方はツンドラとなる。アジア東部とヨーロッパ中部以南の温暖で湿潤な地域には、広葉樹林や混交林が発達している一方、内陸は乾燥し、草原あるいは砂漠となっている。日本はそのほとんどが旧北区に属し、その南限は屋久島(やくしま)、種子島(たねがしま)とされる。 この地域の陸生動物相は旧世界の熱帯地域(東洋区、エチオピア区)ほど多様ではない。さらに、その多くが北アメリカ(新北区)か旧世界の熱帯地域と共通で、旧北区に固有な動物群は少ない。全体として、新北区と旧世界の熱帯地域の要素をあわせもった移行的な動物相とみることもできる。スクレーターP. L. Sclater、ウォーレスA. P. Wallace、ダーリントンP. J. Darlington, Jr.などは独立の地理区として扱っているが、ハイルプリンA. HeilprinやシュミットK. P. Schmidtのように、旧北区と新北区の類似性を重視し、両区を一括して全北区とする考えもある。 哺乳(ほにゅう)類ではメクラネズミ科、サバクヤマネ科、パンダ亜科、ヤマネ亜科が固有で、ハリネズミ科、ウマ科、イノシシ科、トビネズミ科などが旧世界の熱帯地域と共通である。また、モグラ科、ナキウサギ科、ビーバー科、オナガネズミ科などが新北区と共通である。ほかの代表的な哺乳類としては、トガリネズミ科、イヌ科、クマ科、イタチ科、ネコ科、ラクダ科、シカ科、ウシ科、リス科、ウサギ科、ネズミ科、ヒナコウモリ科などがある。鳥類は50以上の科が記録されているが、固有な科はカヤクグリ科のみで、アビ科、キバシリ科、ウミスズメ科、ライチョウ科、レンジャク科などが新北区と共通で、渡り鳥の多くが旧世界の熱帯地域と共通である。爬虫(はちゅう)類相は比較的貧困で、東洋区やエチオピア区と関連のあるものが多く、マムシ類、クサリヘビ類、コモチカナヘビ類などのなかに固有種がある。両生類では有尾類(新北区と共通、サンショウウオなど)に多くの種があることが特徴となっている。淡水魚ではコイ科が多い。 [片倉晴雄] ©Shogakukan"> 動物地理区の分類とおもな固有動物 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
The part of the thoracic cavity excluding the medi...
...Hanthawaddy was a dynasty of the Mon people in...
...Specific examples of this include sphenopalati...
...In other words, probability defined as a measu...
…The autobiography (translated as “Strange Fruit”...
A type of wild goat that lives on rocky mountain a...
…A general term for five species of bivalve shell...
This area is located in the southern part of Kita...
…The mouse is the protagonist of a series of cart...
… [Akita Kazuo] [Nuclear power] The generation of...
[ I ] Manganese sulfate(II): MnSO 4 (151.00). It ...
...Such a generalized number is called an ordinal...
A type of single-reed woodwind instrument. Unlike...
...The region is characterized by lowlands and pl...
…(4) Degrees according to the capabilities of hum...