Synagogue - synagogue (Greek)

Japanese: シナゴーグ - しなごーぐ(英語表記)synagōgē ギリシア語
Synagogue - synagogue (Greek)

In Greek, it means to assemble or convene. In the New Testament, it is used to mean a meeting place (in the Japanese Bible, it is called a synagogue). Its origin is not entirely clear, and there is no mention of it in the Old Testament. It is likely that after the Babylonian captivity (587 B.C.), the Israelites were no longer able to worship at the temple in Jerusalem, so they established meeting places in the lands where they were dispersed, where they read the Bible, explained it, and prayed, thereby preserving their ethnic identity. In this way, synagogues have played the role of Jewish community centers from the beginning to the present day.

Today, there are two types of synagogues: the "house of assembly" (beit ha-Knesset), used for religious ceremonies, and the "house of study" (beit ha-Midrash), used for study as well as worship. According to Jewish teachings (halakha), the former must be the tallest building in the area, and it is forbidden for members of the public to sleep or eat there. Sometimes, women's seats are set aside in the prayer hall. The latter usually have a large library and facilities for group study.

[Fixed Form Hisao]

"The Jews" by Alan Unterman, translated by Koichi Ishikawa and Yu Ichikawa (1983, Chikuma Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア語で集合、招集の意。『新約聖書』では集会所(邦語聖書では会堂)の意で用いられる。その起源はかならずしも明らかでなく、『旧約聖書』にもその言及がない。おそらくイスラエル民族がバビロン捕囚(前587)ののち、エルサレム神殿において礼拝を守ることができなくなったので、彼らはそれぞれの離散の地に集会所を設け、そこで聖書を朗読し、それを説き明かし、祈りをすることによって自民族のアイデンティティ(自己同一性)を保ってきた。このようにシナゴーグは、当初から今日に至るまで、ユダヤ人のコミュニティ・センターの役割を果たしてきた。

 今日、シナゴーグには、宗教的儀式のために用いられる「集いの家」(ベート・ハ・クネセト)と、礼拝のみならず勉学のためにも用いられる「勉学の家」(ベート・ハ・ミドラシュ)との2種類がある。ユダヤ教の教え(ハラハー)によれば、前者は地域でもっとも高い建物でなければならず、同建物内での寝食を禁じられている。また、ときに礼拝堂では婦人席が別置されていることもある。後者は通常蔵書が多数あり、グループ学習ができるような設備がある。

[定形日佐雄]

『アラン・ウンターマン著、石川耕一郎・市川裕訳『ユダヤ人』(1983・筑摩書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Şinasi (English spelling)

>>:  Rumbling - Jinaki

Recommend

Fruit (plant) - kajitsu

The pistil of an angiosperm flower develops after...

Giant weevil - Giant weevil

An insect belonging to the family Curculionidae i...

Zinc flower

A common name for zinc oxide as an industrial che...

Barium titanate

A barium salt of titanic acid (titanium(IV) oxide...

gross reproduction rate

…There are some significant differences in the tr...

Singer [company] - Singer

A global sewing machine company. In 1851, Singer f...

Principle of scarcity

Water is extremely important for human life, but ...

Asama Maru Incident - Asama Maru Incident

On January 21, 1940 (Showa 15), a British warship...

Sour lime (English spelling)

…Several lime species have been reintroduced in r...

Hedysarum vicioides Turcz.

A perennial herb of the legume family (illustratio...

Gorakhpur

A city in northern India, in the eastern part of U...

Rothschild, AM (English spelling)

…He was of Jewish descent and also contributed to...

Face-to-face ranking - Face-to-face ranking

〘 noun 〙 In Kabuki, before the Kaomise performance...

Hamziĉ, M.

...A city on the Dalmatian coast in southern Croa...

Pope's Palace

…The central building of the Roman Catholic Churc...