Political apathy

Japanese: 政治的無関心 - せいじてきむかんしん(英語表記)political apathy
Political apathy

Apathy is originally a psychoanalytic term, and refers to a psychological mechanism in which a person loses interest in an object when their desire for that object is not satisfied, and this causes them to resolve their mental instability. Political apathy refers to people who, in modern society, have lost interest in politics because their various demands for politics are not met, leading to a sense of political powerlessness and distrust. In pre-modern societies, many members of society were treated solely as subjects of governance and excluded from political decision-making. People who have become accustomed to this lifestyle, consider politics to be the work of the "government," and have no desire or interest in participating in politics are called traditional political apathy. Modern society is characterized not only by this traditional apathy, but also by an increase in the number of modern indifferent people who are a result of political powerlessness and distrust.

In modern society, people's political interest suddenly increases when economic crises such as recession or inflation occur, or when the threat of war or a crisis looms. However, in times of peace and economic prosperity, people's interests become more diverse, and political interest declines relatively. There is an increase in the number of indifferent people who, while politically knowledgeable, are distracted by other interests and show no political interest. One of the characteristics of the modern era is the attitude of not seeing politics as something in which one should actively participate, but rather placing oneself outside the realm of politics and enjoying it merely as a spectator in a game.

In recent years in Japan, political apathy and simple political indifference have been rapidly increasing among young people in their twenties in large cities. These indifferent people suddenly turn out to vote when a political crisis occurs, such as when the corruption of a political leader is exposed just before an election, or when the prime minister suddenly dies during an election campaign. Voter turnout also increases when the election is dramatic, such as when the electoral district is a hotly contested area with many strong candidates. This group is also easily influenced by so-called image elections. The existence of these indifferent people is a major destabilizing factor in modern politics, in that they hold the casting vote, which determines the outcome of an election and can reverse the outcome of a election.

[Tan Horie]

[Reference items] | Apathy | Political awareness | Independents

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

無関心(アパシーapathy)とは、元来精神分析学の用語で、その対象に対して強い欲求をもちながら充足されないために、かえって対象に対する関心を失うことによって精神的不安定を解消しようとする心理的メカニズムの一つをさす。政治的無関心とは、現代社会において、政治に対するさまざまな要求が達成されず、政治的無力感と不信感に陥り、政治への関心を失ってしまった人々のことをさす。近代以前の社会においては、社会の成員の多くはもっぱら統治の対象としてのみ取り扱われ、政治的意思決定から排除されていた。このような生活に慣れて、政治は「お上」の仕事と考え、政治参加への意欲も関心ももたない人々の政治的無関心=indifferenceを伝統的政治的無関心とよぶ。現代社会は、このような伝統的無関心ばかりではなく、政治的無力感や不信感に起因する現代的無関心層の増大によって特色づけられる。

 現代社会においては、不況やインフレーションなど経済的危機の到来や、戦争の脅威や平和の危機が迫った場合、人々の政治的関心はにわかに高まる。しかし、平和と経済的繁栄の下では、人々の関心は多様化し、相対的に政治的関心は低下してくる。政治的知識をもちながら、ほかに関心を奪われて政治的関心を示さない無関心層が増えてくる。政治を自分が主体的に参加すべき対象とせず、自分自身を政治の圏外に置いて、単なるゲームの観客としてこれを楽しむといった態度も現代の特色の一つである。

 最近のわが国では、大都市の20代の若者において、政治的アパシーや単純な政治的無関心層が急速に増大している。これら無関心層は、選挙直前に政治指導者の腐敗が暴露されるといった事件が生じたり、選挙戦中に総理大臣が急逝するといった政治的危機に臨むと、にわかに投票に出動する。また、その選挙区が有力候補者のひしめき合う激戦区であるといった、選挙の劇的性格が強い場合にも、投票率は高まる。いわゆるイメージ選挙によって影響を受けやすいのもこの層である。これら無関心層が投票に出かけるか否かによって選挙結果が左右され、当落が逆転するというキャスティング・ボートを握っているという点で、これら無関心層の存在は現代政治における大きな不安定要因になっているといってよい。

[堀江 湛]

[参照項目] | アパシー | 政治意識 | 無党派層

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Political philosophy

>>:  Political asylum

Recommend

Shadbolt, M.

…These include Janet Frame (1924-, best known for...

Prince Oshisakahikohito - Prince Oshisakahikohito

Year of birth: Unknown A powerful member of the ro...

Firefighting costume - Kajishozoku

Costumes worn in the event of a fire during the E...

Ringed seal - Ringed seal

Order Pinnipedia, Family Phocidae (illustration). ...

Wrath of God

…Born in Chiba Prefecture, he moved to the United...

Aison (English spelling)

…in Greek legend, he was a hero who served as a c...

Water mill

…In this sense, a water wheel corresponds to the ...

Oyama [town] - Oyama

A town in the Sunto district in northeastern Shizu...

Sakhalin

A long, narrow Russian island facing the Sea of ​​...

Ishii Style

The name of a style of Noh otsuzumi performers. Th...

Homtsuwake no Mikoto - Homtsuwake no Mikoto

According to the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, he was th...

Sennyuji Temple

Located in Sennyujiyamauchi-cho, Higashiyama-ku, ...

Vlado Perlemuter

1904‐2002 A French pianist of Polish origin. He st...

Mount Kubotesan

<br /> Temple ruins in Kubotai, Shinose, Tor...

Cliff burial tomb

…They were residential areas in the early and ear...