Shirasu

Japanese: シラス

A general term for white sandy deposits that are widely distributed in southern Kyushu and are mainly composed of volcanic material. A local slang term derived from white sand or white sand. The thickness varies greatly depending on the place, but it can reach up to 150m, and it spreads over a vast area that covers about half of Kagoshima Prefecture and 20% of Miyazaki Prefecture. Shirasu is composed of pumice flows (→ pumice), pumice fall, and their secondary deposits, as well as tuffaceous sandstone, lapilli tuff, and diatomaceous sedimentary rocks. The geological age of the deposits ranges from the Pliocene Epoch of the Neogene to the Pleistocene Epoch and Holocene Epoch, and the sources of the eruption are the Aira Caldera and the Ata Caldera (→ caldera). The Shirasu Plateau is bordered by steep cliffs on the rivers, and often causes great damage from cliff collapses caused by typhoons and other events. In areas where Shirasu is exposed directly on the ground surface or where it has been redeposited by rivers, the productivity of cultivated land is generally very low. It is necessary to add clay or apply manure. (→ Volcanic action)

Shirasu
Silas; Silvanus

A prophet, evangelist, and saint of the early church active around 50. He is said to have been a Roman citizen. According to the Acts of the Apostles, he accompanied Paul on his second missionary journey in place of Barnabas, and preached in Galatia, Troas, Philippi (where he was imprisoned with Paul), Thessalonica, and Corinth. He is probably the same person who appears under the name Silas in Paul's letter to the Thessalonicans and in 2 Corinthians 1:19. Silas is commemorated on July 31 in the Western Church and on July 30 in the Eastern Church.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

南九州に広く分布し，主として火山源の物質からなる白色砂質堆積物の総称。白砂または白州に由来した地方的な俗語。厚さはところによって著しく異なるが，最大 150mに達し，鹿児島県の約半分と宮崎県の 20%にわたる広大な面積に広がる。シラスの構成物質は軽石流（→軽石），降下軽石およびそれらの 2次的堆積層で，ほかに凝灰質砂岩，火山礫凝灰岩，ケイ藻土質堆積岩などを含む。堆積の地質時代は新第三紀鮮新世から第四紀更新世（洪積世），完新世（沖積世）にまで及び，噴出源は姶良（あいら）カルデラ，阿多カルデラなど（→カルデラ）。シラス台地は河川に切り立った断崖で接しているため，台風などによる崖崩れでしばしば大きな被害をもたらす。シラスが直接地表に露出しているところや，河川によって再堆積しているところの耕地は，おおむね生産力がきわめて低い。粘土の客入や堆厩肥の施用を行なう必要がある。（→火山作用）

シラス
Silas; Silvanus

50年頃活躍した初代教会の預言者，伝道者，聖人。ローマ市民といわれる。『使徒行伝』によると，バルナバの代りにパウロの第2回伝道旅行に随行し，ガラテア，トロアス，ピリピ (パウロとともに入牢) ，テッサロニカ，コリントに伝道した。テッサロニカ人にあてたパウロの書簡や『コリント人への第2の手紙』1章 19でシルワノという名で登場する人とおそらく同一人。西方教会では7月 31日に，東方教会では7月 30日にシラスを記念する。

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