When the patellar tendon is tapped, the quadriceps muscle to which it is attached contracts reflexively. When the muscle connected to the patellar tendon is stretched by tapping the tendon, the muscle spindle (stretch receptor) in the muscle is excited and contracts. The patellar tendon reflex is a type of spinal reflex, a monosynaptic stretch reflex involving only one synapse, and the reflex center is located between the second and fourth lumbar vertebrae of the spinal cord. Clinically, it is used to diagnose vitamin B1 deficiency and nervous system diseases. When the patient is lying on his back and has his knee joint bent about 120 degrees (when sitting on a chair, his knees are placed together), and the quadriceps tendon is tapped under the patella, the quadriceps muscle contracts and the leg jumps forward. This jump is weakened by beriberi and lesions in the posterior columns of the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. In addition, if there is damage to the brain, the reflex is increased; this is because the center for the patellar tendon reflex is suppressed by the brain, which is located above the spinal cord; if there is damage to the brain, this suppression is removed. [Torii Shizuo] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
膝蓋腱をたたいたとき、この腱が付着している大腿(だいたい)四頭筋に反射的に収縮がおこることをいう。腱をたたくことによって、それにつながる筋肉が伸びると、その筋肉の中の筋紡錘(伸展受容器)が興奮して収縮という現象がおこる。膝蓋腱反射は脊髄(せきずい)反射の一種で、ただ1個のシナプスだけが関与する単シナプス性の伸張反射であり、反射の中枢は脊髄の第2腰髄と第4腰髄の間にある。臨床的には、ビタミンB1の欠乏や神経系の疾患の診断に利用される。患者があおむけに寝ているときは膝関節を約120度曲げさせ(椅子(いす)に腰掛けているときは膝(ひざ)を重ねさせる)、大腿四頭筋の腱を膝蓋の下でたたくと、四頭筋が収縮して下肢が前に飛び出す。脚気(かっけ)のほか、脊髄の後索や末梢(まっしょう)神経に病変があるとこの飛び出しは減弱する。また脳に傷害があると、亢進(こうしん)するが、これは、膝蓋腱反射の中枢が脊髄より上位にある脳によって抑制されているためで、脳に傷害があると、この抑制は除かれることになる。 [鳥居鎮夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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