Diplomacy by conference

Japanese: 会議外交 - かいぎがいこう（英語表記）diplomacy by conference

A type of diplomatic format. With the establishment of the modern international community, international conferences were held one after another from the 19th century onwards, and became a major form of diplomacy. According to one survey, 2,652 international conferences were held between 1840 and 1931. The first international conference in the modern international community is said to have been the Westphalia Conference (1648), which established a peace settlement after the Thirty Years' War. This marked the beginning of the development of various rules and methods of conference diplomacy. As the format was improved, peace conferences and other such conferences were shortened in length despite the increase in the number of participating countries. While the Utrecht Conference (1713-14) took two years, the Vienna Conference (1814-15) took 14 months, and the Paris Conference (1919) took 6 months. Following the establishment of the League of Nations and the rapid development of international organizations such as the United Nations, this diplomatic format has come to be used frequently both within and outside of international organizations as an important method for realizing the national interests of countries.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

外交形式の一種。近代国際社会の成立を背景に，19世紀に入ってから国際会議が相次いで開催され，外交の有力な形式となった。ある調査によれば，1840～1931年に 2652回の国際会議が催されたとある。近代国際社会最初の国際会議は三十年戦争の和平を定めたウェストファリア会議 (1648) とされるが，これを機に会議外交のさまざまなルールや方法がつくられていった。形式が整備されるとともに，講和会議などは参加国数の増加にもかかわらず会期は短縮され，ユトレヒト会議 (1713～14) が2ヵ年を要したのに対し，ウィーン会議 (1814～15) は 14ヵ月，パリ会議 (1919) は6ヵ月で終了した。国際連盟の創設以降現在の国際連合など国際機関の飛躍的発展に伴い，この外交形式は国々の国益を実現するための重要な方式として国際機関内外で多用されるようになった。

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