Swedish physicist. After receiving his doctorate from Uppsala University, he joined the Nobel Institute of Physics in 1937 and became a professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in 1940. In his research on the aurora, he introduced the concept of cosmic plasma with a magnetic field and conducted basic research on magnetohydrodynamics (magnetohydrodynamics). He is particularly famous for his discovery of transverse waves (Alfven waves) that occur in plasma in a magnetic field (1942). He also applied magnetohydrodynamics to a wide range of celestial problems, such as the origin and evolution of the solar system. In 1966, he wrote a novel, which was published under a pen name and translated into various European countries, becoming a hot topic. In 1970, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for "fundamental research and discoveries in magnetohydrodynamics and its application to plasma physics." He shared the award with French physicist Neel, who conducted fundamental research on antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism. [Masakatsu Yamazaki] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スウェーデンの物理学者。ウプサラ大学で学位を得たのち、1937年からはノーベル物理学研究所に所属し、1940年に王立工科大学の教授となった。オーロラの研究のなかで、磁場をもった宇宙プラズマの概念を導入し、電磁流体力学(磁気流体力学)の基礎的な研究を行った。とくに、磁場中のプラズマに生ずる横波(アルベーン波)の発見(1942)は有名である。また、電磁流体力学を太陽系の起源や進化など広く天体の問題に適用した。さらに1966年には小説を執筆、ペンネームで出版しヨーロッパ各国で翻訳され話題となった。「電磁流体力学における基礎的研究と発見、およびプラズマ物理学への応用」により、1970年にノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。なお、反強磁性と強磁性について基礎的研究を行ったフランスの物理学者ネールとの同時受賞であった。 [山崎正勝] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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