A geophysical exploration method that uses seismic waves generated by artificial earthquakes. It is also called seismic exploration or elastic wave exploration. It uses explosives, dynamite, compressed air, or electric discharge to generate artificial earthquakes underground or at the sea surface, sending seismic waves underground, and observing the propagation of elastic waves refracted or reflected at the boundaries of strata to investigate the geological structure and underground conditions (→ refraction method, reflection method). It allows for more detailed analysis than magnetic exploration or gravity exploration, and is effective for oil exploration, as well as being used for geological surveys during construction work. In recent years, the reflection method, which generates seismic waves using a seismic source vehicle called a Vibroseis, has become widely used for structural surveys of faults and volcanic bodies. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
人工地震による地震波を利用した物理探査。地震探鉱,弾性波探査などともいう。火薬・ダイナマイト・圧縮空気・放電などによって地中または海面で人工地震を発生させて地下へ地震波を送り,地層の境目で屈折したり反射したりする弾性波の伝播状況を観測して,地質構造や地下の状態を調査する(→屈折法,反射法)。磁力探査や重力探査に比べてより詳細な解析が可能であり,石油探鉱などに威力を発揮するほか,建設工事に際しての地質調査にも使われる。また近年,バイブロサイスという震源車で地震波を発生させる反射法が断層や火山体の構造調査などに広く利用されるようになった。
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