Sae-Maul undong - Sae-Maul undong (English name)

Japanese: セマウル運動 - セマウルうんどう（英語表記）Sae-Maul undong

A social and economic reform movement that began in 1972 in South Korea, mainly in farming and fishing villages. "Saemaul" means "building a new village." This movement consists of three points: (1) spiritual enlightenment, (2) improvement of living conditions, and (3) increase in the income of farmers and fishermen. It was proposed by President Park Chung-hee at a meeting of local governors in April 1970, and then spread nationwide with the support of farmers and fishermen. The background to this is the widening gap between urban and rural areas caused by the rapid economic growth throughout the 1960s. Two consecutive droughts in 1967 and 1968 exhausted the rural areas, and agriculture was even called the Achilles' heel of the Korean economy. The political aspect of the movement, which was to boost the rural areas in order to strengthen the political base of the Park administration, should not be overlooked. In the Third Five-Year Plan that began in 1972, the government invested huge funds in the development of farming and fishing villages to support this movement. Many leaders of the Saemaul Movement were elected as delegates to the National Conference for Unification, which was newly established in the 1972 revised constitution, and supported the restoration regime.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

韓国で 1972年からおもに農漁村で展開された社会経済革新運動。「セマウル」は「新しい村づくり」の意。この運動は，(1) 精神啓発，(2) 生活環境改善，(3) 農漁民所得増大の3点から成り，70年4月パク・チョンヒ (朴正煕) 大統領が地方長官会議で提唱し，その後農漁民の呼応で全国に広がった。その背景には，1960年代を通じての急速な経済成長で生じた都市と農村の格差の拡大がある。 67，68年と2年連続の干害は農村を疲弊させ，農業は韓国経済のアキレス腱とまで呼ばれた。またパク政権の政治的基盤強化のための農村テコ入れという政治的側面もみのがせない。 72年から始った第3次五ヵ年計画では政府は莫大な資金を農漁村開発に投入し，この運動を支援している。 72年の改正憲法で新設された統一主体国民会議の代議員には，多くのセマウル運動指導者たちが選出され，維新体制を支えた。

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