The basic idea of market equilibrium is that the amount of trade is determined so that the total amount of goods (such as products) that producers are willing to supply matches the total amount that consumers are willing to demand, and that this state will continue as long as there are no changes in external conditions. Partial equilibrium theory, which theorizes the simplest case, takes only one good and discusses equilibrium by assuming various conditions that are not directly related to that market. In contrast, general equilibrium theory considers people's tastes, production technology, amount of resources, legal and economic systems, etc. as external conditions to be constant, but explains the equilibrium of the economic volume of society as a whole by taking into account the interdependence of the markets for various goods. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
生産者が供給しようとする財(たとえば生産物)の総量が,消費者が需要しようとする総量に合致するように取引量が定まり,外的条件の変化がないかぎりその状態が持続されるというのが,市場均衡の基本となる思想である。その最も簡潔な場合を理論化した部分均衡理論は,一つの財だけをとり出し,その市場に直接関係ない諸条件を所与として,均衡を論ずるものである。これに対して一般均衡理論は,人々の嗜好,生産技術,資源の量,法・経済制度等を外的条件として一定とするが,さまざまな財の市場の相互依存関係を考慮して社会全体の経済量の均衡について説明するものである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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