The act of revaluing the acquisition cost of an asset to market value at the end of an accounting period. When an asset is acquired, it is recorded at its market value at the time of acquisition, i.e., acquisition cost, but the idea behind historical cost accounting is that financial statements are basically prepared based on the acquisition cost without any revaluation thereafter. However, when there is a significant discrepancy between the current price and the acquisition cost (the past price) due to inflation, etc., the asset may be revalued to correct the discrepancy. In Japan, against the backdrop of inflation immediately after World War II, the Asset Revaluation Law (Law No. 110 of 1950) was enacted, and asset revaluations were carried out three times, in 1950, 1951, and 1953. Subsequently, in 1954, the "Special Measures Law on Asset Revaluation, etc. for the Purpose of Strengthening Corporate Capital" (Law No. 142 of 1954) was enacted, which forced companies of a certain size to revalue their assets based on the Bank of Japan's wholesale price index, etc., and the revaluation difference was recorded in capital reserves as a revaluation reserve. In recent years, the Land Revaluation Law (officially known as the Land Revaluation Law, Law No. 34 of 1998), which allows financial institutions such as banks and listed companies that meet certain requirements to revalue land used for business purposes and record the land valuation gains and losses on their balance sheets, was enacted as a parliamentary bill in March 1998 (a three-year temporary law). In addition, International Accounting Standard (IAS) 16 "Property, plant and equipment" allows for periodic revaluation of property, plant and equipment to ensure that the carrying amount of the asset does not differ significantly from its fair value. The difference (valuation gain) arising from the application of this provision is recorded as a revaluation surplus. [Noriyuki Chikada] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
資産の取得原価を会計期末において時価などに評価し直すこと。資産の取得時には取得時の時価、すなわち取得原価で記録が行われるが、その後は評価替えをせず基本的にその取得原価をもとにして財務諸表を作成するのが取得原価主義会計の考え方である。しかしながら、インフレーションなどに伴い現状と過去の価格である取得原価との乖離(かいり)が相当起きた場合には、それを修正するために資産の再評価を行うことがある。 日本では、第二次世界大戦直後のインフレーションを背景として、資産再評価法(昭和25年法律第110号)を施行して、1950年(昭和25)、1951年、1953年の三度にわたる資産再評価が実施された。 その後も、1954年に「企業資本充実のための資産再評価等の特別措置法」(昭和29年法律第142号)が施行され、特定規模を有する企業に対して日本銀行の卸売物価指数等により再評価が強制され、再評価差額は、再評価積立金として資本準備金に計上された。 近年では、銀行などの金融機関や一定の要件を満たす上場会社について、事業用の土地を再評価し、その土地評価損益を貸借対照表に計上することを可能にした土地再評価法(正式名称は「土地の再評価に関する法律」。平成10年法律第34号)が、1998年(平成10)3月に、議員立法で成立した(3年間の時限立法)。 また、国際会計基準(IAS)16号「有形固定資産」には、資産の帳簿価額が公正価値から大幅に乖離しないように定期的に有形固定資産の再評価を行う処理が認められている。当該規定の適用により生じる差額(評価益)は、再評価剰余金として計上される。 [近田典行] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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