Film industry

Japanese: 映画産業 - えいがさんぎょう
Film industry
As soon as film was invented, it was commercialized as a street spectacle, and soon specialized studios and theaters sprang up, and in 1897 the first joint stock film company appeared in the United States. Before World War II, the French and Italian film industries were dominant, but after that the United States entered the market with the mass production of comedies and action films, and now Hollywood accounts for two-thirds of the world market. Japanese film began with the import of the Kinetoscope in 1896, and eventually surpassed the United States and India in the number of feature films produced, ranking first in the world with 562 films produced per year (1937), and the number of movie theaters reached 7,457 (1960). However, with the spread of television, the number of movie theaters has been decreasing like other countries (the number of movie theaters was 1,647 in 1992). In Japan, the market is dominated by a few large companies that handle the three divisions of the film industry: production, distribution, and exhibition, so box office revenues have a large impact on the quality of the film. On the other hand, the number of independent productions is also rapidly increasing. Furthermore, films are widely available worldwide as a form of entertainment, and joint venture film productions (co-productions) and international film festivals are also common.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
映画が発明されると同時に街頭の見世物として商品化され,やがて専用スタジオ,専門興行場が続出,1897年には米国に最初の株式組織の映画会社が出現した。第2次大戦前はフランスやイタリアの映画産業が優勢だったが,その後は米国が喜劇,活劇の大量生産で進出し,現在はハリウッドが世界市場の2/3を占める。日本映画は1896年のキネトスコープ輸入に始まり,やがて劇映画製作本数では米国,インドをしのいで年間562(1937年)の世界1位を記録,映画館数は7457(1960年)に達したが,テレビの普及につれて各国と同様に減少傾向にある(1992年の映画館数は1647)。また日本では,映画産業の三部門である製作,配給,興行を一手に引き受ける大手会社数社が市場を独占しているため,興行収益が作品の質に影響することが大きい。一方,独立プロも急増している。また映画は世界共通の娯楽として流通性があり,合弁出資の映画製作(合作映画),国際的規模の映画祭も盛んである。

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