Stillbirth - Shizan (English spelling) stillbirth

Japanese: 死産 - しざん(英語表記)stillbirth
Stillbirth - Shizan (English spelling) stillbirth

This refers to childbirth when the fetus is already dead at the time of birth. Therefore, miscarriages in the early stages of pregnancy are also included, but the statistical number of stillbirths only includes those that occur after the fourth month (12 weeks) of pregnancy, which must be reported under the "Regulations on the Reporting of Stillbirths," or Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance No. 42 of 1946, which has the force of law.

There are two types of stillbirth: natural stillbirth, where the fetus dies during natural childbirth, and induced stillbirth, where the fetus dies during artificial childbirth. Stillbirth statistics include induced abortions between the fourth and sixth month of pregnancy under the Maternal Protection Act. The main causes of stillbirth include disease and abnormalities in the fetus, abnormalities in the placenta or umbilical cord, difficult childbirth, and pregnancy-induced toxemia. The phenomenon in which a dead fetus is delivered after the death of a pregnant woman is called necrophilia.

A report of a stillbirth must be submitted, along with a doctor's or midwife's stillbirth certificate or post-mortem report, to the mayor of the city, town or village where the report is filed or where the stillbirth occurred (or the ward mayor in cities designated by government ordinance).

[Masao Arai]

[References] | Postpartum | Abortion | Miscarriage /Premature birth

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

出産時、すでに胎児が死亡している場合の分娩(ぶんべん)をさす。したがって妊娠初期の流産も含まれることになるが、統計上の死産数は「死産の届出に関する規程」すなわち法律としての効力をもつ昭和21年厚生省令第42号によって届出を必要とする妊娠4か月(12週)以後の死産だけを含んでいる。

 死産には、自然分娩で胎児が死亡していた自然死産と、人工的に分娩させたときに胎児が死亡していた人工死産がある。死産統計には、母体保護法による妊娠4か月から6か月までの人工妊娠中絶が、人工死産に含まれている。死産のおもな原因としては、胎児の疾病異常、胎盤や臍帯(さいたい)の異常、難産、妊娠中毒症などがあげられる。なお、妊婦の死亡後に死んだ胎児が娩出される現象は屍産(しさん)とよばれる。

 死産の届出は、医師または助産師の死産証書または死胎検案書を添え、死産後7日以内に届出人の所在地または死産のあった場所の市町村長(政令指定都市では区長)に提出する。

[新井正夫]

[参照項目] | 屍産 | 妊娠中絶 | 流産・早産

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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