A general term for research methods and thermal analysis that detect and utilize the changes in the physical properties of a substance that occur when heated. It is a branch of thermal analysis in which a stable standard substance that does not undergo exothermic or endothermic thermal changes is heated at a constant rate along with the sample substance, the temperature difference between the two is detected and recorded, and the thermal properties of the sample are analyzed from the results. It was started by H. Le Chatelier in 1887. Aluminum oxide, potassium chloride, etc. are used as standard substances, and a differential thermal curve is created by plotting temperature or time and temperature difference. Peaks and valleys appear on the differential thermal curve depending on the exothermic or endothermic reaction, and show a shape unique to the substance, so it can be used to qualitatively identify clay minerals, carbonates, etc. There may be a certain relationship between the area of the peak on the differential thermal curve and the amount of the sample substance, which is used for quantitative analysis. It can also be used to measure the heat of reaction and reaction rate. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
加熱に伴って変化する物質の物性を検知,利用する研究法と熱分析の総称。試料物質とともに発熱,吸熱の熱変化をもたない安定な標準物質を一定の速度で加熱しながら,両者の間に生じた温度差を検出記録し,その結果から試料の熱的特性を解析する熱分析の一部門である。 1887年 H.ル・シャトリエによって始められた。基準物質としては酸化アルミニウム,塩化カリウムなどを用い,温度または時間と温度差をプロットした示差熱曲線をつくる。発熱,吸熱反応に応じて,示差熱曲線上にそれぞれ山,谷が現れ,物質に固有の形状を示すので,粘土鉱物や炭酸塩などの定性に用いることができる。示差熱曲線のピークの面積と試料物質の量との間には,一定の関係がある場合があり,これは定量分析に利用される。反応熱や反応速度の測定に利用することもある。
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