Finger millet - Finger millet

Japanese: シコクビエ - しこくびえ
Finger millet - Finger millet

An annual plant of the grass family (APG classification: Poaceae). It is thought to be native to Africa and India. It is closely related to goosegrass and is cultivated as a millet. It is also an indicator crop of savanna farming culture. It is unknown when it was introduced to Japan, but it is thought to have been introduced via China at a fairly early date. It is named after the fact that it was widely cultivated in Shikoku, but until recently it was cultivated in small quantities in mountainous areas throughout the country. It is widely cultivated overseas in Ethiopia and Sudan, and there are areas in India, mainly on the west coast, where finger millet is the staple food.

The stem is 1-1.5 meters tall. Elongated and inelongated internodes alternate, so it looks like two leaves emerge from each node. A 10-cm-long flower stalk grows in a whorl at the top of the stem, and this shape resembles the legs of a bird or dragon, leading to the names "dragon claws and stalks" and "duck legs and stalks." The fruits are caryopsis, which grow densely in spikelets. They are spherical, 1.5 mm long, and easily shed when ripe. They have long been used as a slash-and-burn crop, and are cultivated in the same way as barnyard millet. In some areas, they are also grown by transplanting. They are polished to make porridge, or ground into powder to make dumplings or bread. Because they are not sticky, they are mixed with glutinous wheat or millet flour. In Southeast Asia, they are used to make bean sprouts for brewing. The stems and leaves are used as livestock feed.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika August 20, 2019]

[References] | Goosegrass
Finger millet
Ear (left) and kernel ©Shogakukan ">

Finger millet


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イネ科(APG分類:イネ科)の一年草。アフリカおよびインドの原産と考えられる。オヒシバに近縁で、雑穀として栽培される。サバンナ農耕文化の指標作物でもある。日本への伝来年代は未詳であるが、かなり古い時代に中国を経て伝来したとみられる。四国で多く栽培されたとしてこの名があるが、近年まで全国的に山間で少量ずつ栽培されていた。外国ではエチオピア、スーダンで作付けが多く、インドでは西海岸を中心にシコクビエを主食とする地域がある。

 茎は高さ1~1.5メートル。伸長節間と不伸長節間とが交互にあるので、1節から2葉が出ているようにみえる。茎頂に長さ10センチメートルの花柄を輪生するので、この形を鳥や竜のあしに見立てて、竜爪稷、鴨脚稗の字をあてている。果実は穎果(えいか)で小穂に密生する。長さ1.5ミリメートルの球形で、熟すと容易に脱粒する。昔から焼畑の作物として利用され、栽培方法はヒエに準じる。一部では移植栽培も行われる。精白して粥(かゆ)とし、また粉にして団子やパンをつくる。粘り気がないので、モチアワやキビの粉を混ぜる。東南アジアではもやしをつくって醸造用にも使われる。茎葉は家畜の飼料にする。

[星川清親 2019年8月20日]

[参照項目] | オヒシバ
シコクビエ
穂(左)と子実©Shogakukan">

シコクビエ


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