Sequence control - sequence control

Japanese: シーケンス制御 - しーけんすせいぎょ(英語表記)sequence control
Sequence control - sequence control

When the machine being controlled has multiple stages corresponding to different operations or states, this is an automatic control method in which the transition between states is carried out sequentially without human intervention according to a predetermined control operation order (sequence) and conditions.

Let's take an electric washing machine as an example of an automatically controlled machine. A washing machine accomplishes its mission by executing steps such as water supply, washing, draining, water supply, rinsing, draining, spin-drying, and drying in a predetermined order, based on a start command (control action) from a switch and a stop (control action) that occurs after a certain time has elapsed using a timer. Sequence control is used to ensure that these steps are executed correctly in the correct order, resulting in clean laundry. On the other hand, a room air conditioner measures the room temperature (control amount), compares it with a desired set temperature (target value), and automatically controls the room temperature (control amount) to approach the target value by heating or cooling so as to reduce the deviation. The latter is called feedback control because there is feedback of a signal (control amount). The difference from sequence control is that in the former, the control signal (operation command) is transmitted to the controlled object in a one-way manner, and there is no feedback.

Examples of sequential control are abundant in our daily lives, such as vending machines, traffic signals, changing neon signs, and automatic looms. In some cases, this type of automatic machine has the function of selecting the next action to be performed depending on the result of the previous control action or on external conditions, in addition to a set sequence. The signal that brings the result of the previous action or external conditions to the command processing unit (logic circuit) is similar in form to a feedback signal. However, the logic for determining the control action command should be considered as a logical operation in which the next action is performed considering whether or not a certain external condition is satisfied, rather than simply the elapsed time. In any case, in sequential control, the original purpose of control is to perform the control actions at each stage in an orderly manner, and the quantitative accuracy of the control result is a secondary issue. In contrast, in feedback control, the quantitative accuracy of the control result is emphasized, and the process leading to it is considered a secondary issue.

[Hiroo Yamazaki]

"Automatic Control Handbook: Equipment and Applications" edited by the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers (1983, Ohmsha) " ▽ "Learn for the First Time How Sequence Control Circuits Work" by Aoki Masao, Volumes 1 and 2 (1987, Gijutsu Hyoronsha)" ▽ "Easy-to-Understand Introduction to Sequence Control" by Masuda Eiji (1996, Nippon Riko Publishing)""Understanding Sequence Control with Illustrations" by Yamazaki Yasuo and Go Tomio, supervised by Takahashi Hiroshi (2001, Ohmsha)" ▽ "The Basics of Sequence Control - Relay Circuits and Logic Circuits" by Nagata Shigeyuki and Saito Makoto, supervised by Nakamizo Takayoshi (2001, Nisshin Publishing)""Illustrated Guide to Thinking and Reading Sequence Control - From the Basics to Practice" 4th Edition by Ohama Shoji (2002, Tokyo Denki University Press)""A Book to Understand Sequence Control" by Ohama Shoji (2004, Ohmsha)"

[Reference] | Sequence Controller | Automatic Control

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

制御の対象となる機械に異なる動作や状態に対応した複数の段階があるとき、あらかじめ定められた制御動作の順序(シーケンス)と条件に従って各状態の推移を人間の手を介さずに逐次進めてゆく自動制御の方式である。

 自動制御を行う機械の例として電気洗濯機をとりあげよう。洗濯機は、スイッチによる起動指令(制御動作)とタイマーによる一定時間経過後に行われる停止(制御動作)を基本として、給水、洗い、排水、給水、すすぎ、排水、脱水、乾燥などの段階の動作を、あらかじめ定めた順序で実行させることにより使命を果たす。これらの順序と段階の継続時間が正しく実行されるようにシーケンス制御されて洗濯物がきれいに仕上がる。一方、ルームエアコンは、室内の温度(制御量)を計測し、設定された希望の温度(目標値)と比較し、その偏差が減少するように加熱あるいは冷却を行い、室内温度(制御量)を目標値に近づけるように自動的に制御する。後者では信号(制御量)のフィードバックがあるのでフィードバック制御とよぶ。シーケンス制御との違いは、前者は制御信号(動作命令)が一方向的に制御対象に伝えられ、フィードバックがないという点である。

 シーケンス制御の適用例は、自動販売機、交通信号機、変化するネオンサイン、自動織機など、われわれの身近にきわめて豊富である。この種の自動機械には、定められた順序以外に、前の制御動作の結果あるいは外界の条件に応じて、次に行うべき動作を選定する機能をもつ場合がある。前の動作の結果や外部の条件を命令処理部(論理回路)へもたらす信号はフィードバック信号の形態と似ている。しかし、制御動作命令を決定するための論理が、単なる経過時間ではなく、所定の外部条件が満足されるかどうかを考慮して次の動作が実行される論理操作とみなすべきである。いずれにせよシーケンス制御では各段階の制御動作が順序正しく実行されることに本来の制御目的があって、制御結果の量的な正確性は二次的な問題である。しかし、フィードバック制御においては、対照的に制御結果の量的な正確性が重視され、それに至る過程は二次的な問題とされている。

[山﨑弘郎]

『計測自動制御学会編『自動制御ハンドブック 機器・応用編』(1983・オーム社)』『青木正夫著『はじめて学ぶシーケンス制御回路のしくみ』上下(1987・技術評論社)』『増田英二著『よくわかるシーケンス制御入門』(1996・日本理工出版会)』『高橋寛監修、山崎靖夫・郷冨夫著『絵ときでわかるシーケンス制御』(2001・オーム社)』『中溝高好監修、永田重幸・斎藤誠著『シーケンス制御の基礎――リレー回路と論理回路』(2001・日新出版)』『大浜庄司著『図解 シーケンス制御の考え方・読み方――初歩から実際まで』第4版(2002・東京電機大学出版局)』『大浜庄司著『シーケンス制御がわかる本』(2004・オーム社)』

[参照項目] | シーケンスコントローラー | 自動制御

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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