Neulander

…They were exempt from the cost of travel, but were obliged to serve a certain number of years after their arrival, and some were treated no differently from black slaves. In particular, in the early days, many were persuaded by con artists and kidnappers known as "spirits" (called "Neulanders" in continental Europe) to sign indentured servitude contracts. Criminals were also sent to North America as indentured immigrants, and after the independence of the United States, they were sent to Australia. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Neulander" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…彼らは渡航費用の負担を免れたが，到着後は一定年数の労役を義務づけられ，なかには黒人奴隷と変わらぬ待遇を受けたものもいる。とくに初期には，〈スピリットspirit〉(ヨーロッパ大陸では〈ノイランダーNeulander〉)とよばれた詐欺師兼誘拐屋の口車にのって，年季奉公の契約を結んだものも多い。また，罪人も年季契約移民として北アメリカへ送られ，アメリカ合衆国独立後はオーストラリアへ回された。…

※「Neulander」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報