Axis - axis

Japanese: 軸 - じく

[1] [noun] ① A rod that passes through the wheelbase of a carriage to hold the wheels and support the body of the carriage. The core of a carriage. Yokogami. ※Chuu-u-ki, October 3, 1093 ( Kanji 7) "After passing _one _{ken of} the Imperial Palace, the ladies-in-waiting left _{the carriage} and the wheels were damaged or _{the axis} broken." [Shunju Zuo-den, Duke Tei 9] ② A round rod used as the core of something that is rolled up. Especially a rod used as the core of scrolls and hanging scrolls. Also, the parts that stick out at both ends. ※Saidaiji Zaizai-ryu-ki-cho, 780 (Hōki 11) "Ten scrolls, plain wood scroll, one gold-and-white ink case." ③ (derived from ②) A scroll. Also, a hanging scroll. A hanging scroll. A width . ※Choshuuki - September 2, 1129 (Taiji 4) "Two volumes of a scroll were _{presented to the Empress Dowager Empress. A} _scroll of the Kieen Sutra can _be _used ." ※Until after the equinox (1912) <Natsume Soseki> reported, "On the tokonoma (alcove) was hanging a scroll of landscapes that looked as if it had been roughly drawn with a brush." ④ (From the meaning of a scroll, similar to ②) The end part of a scroll . Also, the final part of a book. Scroll book. ⑤ A poem or verse written at the end of a waka, haiku, senryu, etc. A special one such as an excellent work or a poem by a scribble artist. ※Yasutomiki - August 26, 1449 (Houtoku 1) "Thirty waka _poems for the Shinto shrine ceremony were composed, <omitted> The husband of the first scroll, Hino Mae Aso, composed the scroll." ⑥ The part of a brush, pen, match, etc. that is held in the hand. ※Ryōjinhisō (around 1179) 2 "Those with a shriveling brush that attract wealth from the surrounding area"⑦ Common name for the stems, branches, and midribs of leaves of plants, and the pith of feathers.⑧ The stem of fruit. Fruit stalk. ※Haiku poem Senshū (1698) "A monk who protects his mother's stem from decaying for nine years "⑨ The pivot point of something. By extension, an important position. ※The World of "The Makioka Sisters" (1949) <Asami Fuchi> "The axis of 'The Makioka Sisters' is, <omitted>, the second daughter Sachiko and her adopted son Teinosuke." [Kanshū - Kuruma Chiaki Biography]⑩ A term used in mathematics. (a) The straight line when a three-dimensional figure is obtained by rotating a plane figure around a straight line. (b) The straight line when a figure is symmetrical with respect to a straight line. The axis of symmetry. (c) In analytical geometry, the straight line used as a reference when determining the coordinates of a point. Coordinate axis. ⑪ When an object rotates, it is a straight line that is considered to be fixed to that object and does not change its spatial position. It is used for spinning tops, etc. The axis of rotation. ※Lady in Purple (1930)〈Ryudoji Yu〉 "The earth rotated around its orbit several times, and in turn tilted another axis toward the sun ." ⑫ In engineering, a round rod that rotates in a machine, etc. It is broadly divided into a transmission shaft, the main purpose of which is to transmit power, and an axle. ※Nihon Yomihon (1887)〈Shinbo Iwaji〉 5 "Every day, people twist this shaft to wind the spring." [2] [Suffix] Used to count scrolls and hanging scrolls. ※Konjaku (around 1120?) 7 "Seven volumes divided into eight axes and lectured for the heavens" [Han Yu - Sending Zhuge Jue to Suizhou for a reading poem]

Horizontal [axis]

〘 noun 〙 The axle of a wheel. The axle that runs through the wheel. [Shinsen Jikyo (around 898-901)] ※Ochikubo (late 10th century) 2 "I was riding on the rear end, so I pulled it down from the very edge of the mountain."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① 車の轂(こしき)を貫いて車輪を保持し車体をささえる棒。車の心木(しんき)。よこがみ。※中右記‐寛治七年（1093）一〇月三日「過_二御関山_一間、女房出車或以損_レ輪、或以折_レ軸」〔春秋左伝‐定公九年〕② 巻くものの心(しん)にする丸い棒。特に巻き物や掛け物などの心木にする棒。また、その両端につき出た部分。※西大寺資財流記帳‐宝亀一一年（780）「十巻、白木軸、絵金墨帙一枚」③ (②から転じて) 巻き物。また、掛け物。かけじ。幅(ふく)。※長秋記‐大治四年（1129）九月二日「給_二女院御手本軸二巻_一。結縁経軸可_レ用_レ之」※彼岸過迄（1912）〈夏目漱石〉報告「床の間には刷毛でがしがしと粗末(ぞんざい)に書いた様な山水の軸(ヂク)が懸ってゐた」④ (巻き物で、②に近い所の意から) 巻子本(かんすぼん)などの末尾の部分。また、書物の終わりの部分。軸本(じくもと)。⑤ 和歌・俳諧・川柳などで、巻末に記された歌や句。優秀な作や点者の詠など特別のもの。※康富記‐宝徳元年（1449）八月二六日「神宮法楽和歌三十首令_レ詠給〈略〉巻頭亭主、軸日野前亜相也」⑥ 筆、ペン、マッチなどの手でもつ柄の部分。※梁塵秘抄（1179頃）二「そこらの富をかきよせるふでのぢくのあるものを」⑦ 植物体の茎、枝、葉の中肋や羽毛の羽髄などの通称。⑧ 果実などの柄。果柄。※俳諧・洗朱（1698）「九年母の茎(ヂク)の腐るを守る僧」⑨ 物事のかなめ。転じて、重要な地位。※「細雪」の世界（1949）〈浅見淵〉「『細雪』の軸になっているのは、〈略〉、次女幸子と、その養子婿の貞之助である」〔漢書‐車千秋伝賛〕⑩ 数学で用いる語。(イ) 平面図形を、一つの直線を中心にして回転させ立体図形を得るときの、その直線。(ロ) 図形がある直線に関して対称であるときの、その直線。対称軸。(ハ) 解析幾何学で、点の座標を定めるとき、基準としてとる直線。座標軸。⑪ 物体が回転運動をするとき、その物体に固定したと考える直線で、その空間的位置を変えないもの。独楽(こま)などにいう。回転軸。※紫衣の夫人（1930）〈龍胆寺雄〉「地球が彼の軌道を幾度か廻って、代る代る別の軸(ヂク)を陽へ向けてかしげた」⑫ 工学で、機械などの回転する丸い棒。動力伝達を主な目的とする伝導軸と車軸に大別される。※日本読本（1887）〈新保磐次〉五「人は毎日この軸を捻りてぜんまいを捲く」[2] 〘接尾〙巻き物や掛け物などを数えるのに用いる。※今昔（1120頃か）七「七巻を八軸に分て天の為に講ず」〔韓愈‐送諸葛覚往随州読書詩〕