The difference between the spot and forward exchange rates in the foreign exchange market. It is usually expressed as an annualized rate. When the foreign currency is viewed against the domestic currency as the base, if the forward rate is higher than the spot rate, it is called a premium, and if the forward rate is lower than the spot rate, it is called a discount. If the forward rate and the spot rate are exactly the same, it is called a flat or par. If international capital flows are perfect and interest rate arbitrage occurs, the spot and forward spread should be equal to the interest rate difference between the two countries. Until the 1970s, it was called the swap rate (the general term), swap cost (when in a discount state), or swap profit (when in a premium state). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
外国為替相場における直物為替相場と先物為替相場の乖離 (かいり) をいう。通常,年率で表示される。自国通貨を基準として外国通貨をみた場合,先物相場のほうが直物相場より高ければプレミアム premium,先物相場のほうが直物相場より安ければディスカウント discountという。まったく先物相場と直物相場が同じならば直先フラット flatまたはパー parという。国際資本移動が完全で金利裁定が行われれば,直先スプレッドは2国間の金利差と一致するはずである。 1970年代まではスワップ・レート (一般的な呼び方) ,スワップ・コスト (ディスカウントの状態のとき) またはスワップ・プロフィット (プレミアムの状態のとき) と呼ばれていた。
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