German chemist. Born in Metzingen, Swabia. He started working at a chemical factory at the age of 14 and began studying chemistry at the same time. He studied physics and chemistry at the universities of Erlangen and Tübingen from 1821. In 1828 he was invited to the University of Basel in Switzerland, where he became a professor in 1835. In 1839, he discovered a gas that gave off a foul odor during the electrolysis of water, which he named ozone after the Greek word ozein (to smell), and also discovered ozonides (ozone compounds). In 1845, he found that nitrocellulose, which had already been discovered by Henri Braconnot (1781-1855), could be easily synthesized by treating cotton with mixed acid (a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid). Furthermore, in 1846 he invented collodion and gunpowder cotton. Much of his work was quantitative research from the standpoint of atomic theory. [Wataru Kawanobe] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの化学者。シュワーベンのメッツィンゲンに生まれる。14歳から化学工場で働き、そのかたわら化学の勉強を始めた。1821年からエルランゲン、チュービンゲン大学で物理学、化学を学んだ。1828年にスイスのバーゼル大学に招かれ、1835年同大学教授となった。 1839年、水の電気分解に際して異臭を放つ気体を発見、ギリシア語のozein(かぐこと)にちなんでオゾンozoneと命名し、オゾニド(オゾン化合物)もみいだした。1845年には、すでにブラコノーHenri Braconnot(1781―1855)により発見されていた硝化綿(ニトロセルロース)が、木綿を混酸(濃硫酸と濃硝酸との混合物)で処理すると容易に合成できることをみいだした。さらに1846年コロジオン、綿火薬を発明した。彼の仕事の多くは、原子論の立場からの定量的研究であった。 [川野辺渉] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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