Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskiy

A Russian revolutionary. Son of a fallen Polish landowner in Lithuania. He joined the revolutionary movement in 1895, and later helped to found the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party in the Kingdom of Poland. In 1906, he joined the Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party as the party's representative, and gained Lenin's trust. During this time, he was arrested and imprisoned many times. During the October Revolution, he was active as a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee in Petrograd (St. Petersburg), and organized uprisings. After the revolution, he became the first chairman of the Russian Extraordinary Committee (Cheka), organized the "Red Terror," and worked hard to strengthen the Communist Party's control, leading the crackdown on numerous "conspiracies." He served as its director for life even after the party was reorganized as the G.P.U. in 1922.

[Hara Teruyuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ロシアの革命家。リトアニアの没落ポーランド人地主の子。1895年から革命運動に入り、のちポーランド王国リトアニア社会民主党の結成にした。1906年同党の代表としてロシア社会民主労働党中央委員会に加わり、レーニンの信頼を得た。その間、再三逮捕、投獄を経験。十月革命期はペトログラード（サンクト・ペテルブルグ）の軍事革命委員会のメンバーとして活動、蜂起(ほうき)を組織した。革命後、ロシア非常委員会（チェカー）初代議長となり、「赤色テロ」を組織し、数多くの「陰謀」の摘発を指導するなど共産党の支配体制強化に尽力。22年ゲー・ペー・ウーに改組後も生涯長官を務めた。

［原　暉之］

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