Air springs

Japanese: 空気ばね - くうきばね
Air springs

A spring is created by putting compressed air into a rubber tire-shaped container, and using the elasticity of the rubber and air to create a spring effect. It is used in large tourist buses and passenger train cars. In railroad cars, it is mainly used as a pillow spring for bogies to improve the ride comfort of passenger cars, and there are bellows and diaphragm types. Metal coil springs and leaf springs expand and contract depending on the number of passengers, causing the height of the car body to change, so soft springs cannot be used when connecting cars. However, air springs can be made much softer than metal springs by changing the air pressure inside bellows (a rubber container shaped like an Odawara lantern) depending on the number of passengers, so the spring height can be kept constant, resulting in a good ride comfort. Generally, air springs are combined with an auxiliary air chamber, and vibrations are reduced by appropriately narrowing the space between them. In addition, the spring constant of an air spring changes in proportion to the load, so the vibration frequency of the car does not change much depending on the number of passengers. In locomotives, air springs are used to control the air pressure and change the axle load.

[Masahisa Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ゴムタイヤ状の容器の中に圧力空気を入れ、ゴムと空気の弾性により、ばね作用を得るもの。大型の観光バスや列車の客車に使用されている。鉄道車両では、主として旅客車の乗り心地をよくする目的で台車の枕(まくら)ばねとして使用され、ベローズ形とダイヤフラム形がある。金属性のコイルばね、板ばねでは、乗客の多少によってばねが伸縮し、車体の高さが変化するので、車両連結上あまり柔らかいばねは使えない。しかし空気ばねでは、乗客の多少により、ベローズbellows(小田原提灯(ちょうちん)状のゴム容器)内の空気圧を変え、ばねの高さを一定に保持することができるので、金属性のばねに比べて非常に柔らかくすることができ、良好な乗り心地が得られる。一般に空気ばねは補助空気室とあわせ、その間の適当な絞りにより振動を減らしている。また空気ばねのばね定数は荷重に比例して変化するので、車両の振動数は乗客の多少であまり変化しない。機関車では空気圧を制御し、軸重を変える目的で空気ばねを利用している。

[渡辺正久]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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