It is an oxoacid of carbon. When solid cyanuric acid (NCOH) 3 is heated and the vapor is cooled, a liquid cyanic acid is obtained, which is unstable and prone to polymerization. In the gas state, it exists mainly as the isomer isocyanic acid, HNCO. It is a fairly strong acid (ionization constant 1.2 × 10 -4 at 0 °C), and in aqueous solution it decomposes to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. It dissolves in acetone, ether, benzene, and chloroform. In ether solution it exists as isocyanic acid. It is extremely unstable and polymerizes even at 0 °C to give cyanamide, C 3 H 3 N 3 O 3. Cyanates of alkali metals are stable and can be obtained by heating and oxidizing cyanide with lead(II) oxide. However, aqueous solutions are unstable and decompose to carbonate and ammonia. Evaporation of an aqueous solution of ammonium cyanate NH 4 OCN produces urea. The cyanate ion OCN - is linear. Another isomer of cyanic acid is fulminate, HONC. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] [References] | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
炭素のオキソ酸の一つ。固体のシアヌル酸(NCOH)3を加熱し、蒸気を冷やすと、不安定で重合しやすいシアン酸の液体が得られる。気体では主として異性体のイソシアン酸HNCOとして存在する。かなり強い酸(電離定数1.2×10-4、0℃)であり、水溶液はアンモニア、二酸化炭素を生じて分解する。アセトン、エーテル、ベンゼン、クロロホルムに溶ける。エーテル溶液中ではイソシアン酸として存在する。きわめて不安定で0℃でも重合してシアメリドC3H3N3O3となる。アルカリ金属のシアン酸塩は安定で、シアン化物を酸化鉛(Ⅱ)と加熱酸化して得られる。しかし、水溶液は不安定で、炭酸塩とアンモニアに分解する。シアン酸アンモニウムNH4OCNの水溶液を蒸発すると尿素を生じる。シアン酸イオンOCN-は直線形。シアン酸の異性体に雷酸HONCもある。 [守永健一・中原勝儼] [参照項目] | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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