Aldebaran - Aldebaran (English spelling)

Japanese: アルデバラン - あるでばらん(英語表記)Aldebaran
Aldebaran - Aldebaran (English spelling)

The proper name of the Alpha star in Taurus. It means "Al Dabaran, the one who follows" in Arabic, and is derived from the fact that it moves slightly slower in its diurnal motion than the Pleiades (Subaru), which is also in Taurus. In some parts of Japan, it is also called the "Subaru star." In the winter night sky, it shines with a reddish-orange light just northwest of Orion, at the position of the Eye of Taurus. In China, it and nearby stars form the constellation Bishu (one of the 28 mansions).

Its average apparent magnitude is 0.85, but it varies irregularly by 0.2 magnitude. Its position on the celestial sphere is 4:36 in right ascension and +16°31 in declination at the equatorial coordinates of the 2000th equinox. It is 65 light years away from Earth. It is a giant star of spectral type K5 with a surface temperature of 4000 K. Its mass is about 1.5 to 2.0 times that of the Sun, and its radius is about 40 to 50 times that of the Sun. Aldebaran has a faint companion star with an apparent magnitude of 13.5 that slowly revolves around it, making it a visual binary. The orbital period is yet to be determined. The companion star is a main sequence star of spectral type M2 with a surface temperature of about 3500 K, a mass about one-third that of the Sun, and a radius about half that of the Sun.

Aldebaran appears alongside the stars of the Hyades star cluster on the celestial sphere, but is not part of the cluster. The Hyades is twice as far away as Aldebaran, so the two are separated in space. Aldebaran has been considered a very auspicious star in astrology since ancient times.

[Akira Okazaki]

[References] | Taurus | Pleiades
Alpha Taurus (Aldebaran)
A red giant star in the constellation Taurus. It is also known as the "Subaru posterior" because it rises in the eastern sky a little after the Pleiades. Photo courtesy of Nayoro City Astronomical Observatory .

Alpha Taurus (Aldebaran)

Taurus
©Akira Fujii ">

Taurus


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

おうし座のα(アルファ)星の固有名。アラビア語で「後に続くもの Al Dabaran」の意で、同じおうし座のプレヤデス(すばる)よりも少し遅れて日周運動していることに由来する。日本でもいくつかの地方で「すばるの後星(あとぼし)」とよばれている。冬の夜空でオリオン座のすぐ北西、おうしの目の位置に赤橙(せきとう)色の光を放っている。中国では、付近の星と畢宿(ひっしゅく)(二十八宿の一つ)をつくる。

 平均の実視等級は0.85等であるが、0.2等の幅で不規則に変光。天球上の位置は、2000年分点の赤道座標で赤経4時36分、赤緯プラス16度31分である。地球からの距離は65光年。スペクトル型K5の巨星で、表面温度は4000K。質量は太陽の1.5~2.0倍程度、半径は約40~50倍。アルデバランには実視等級13.5等の暗い伴星がその周りをゆっくり回っており、実視連星である。公転周期は未定。伴星はスペクトル型M2型の主系列星で、表面温度は3500K程度、質量は太陽の約3分の1、半径は太陽の半分ぐらいである。

 アルデバランは天球上でヒヤデス星団の星々と並んで見えているが、星団には属していない。ヒヤデス星団はアルデバランよりも2倍遠くにあり、両者は空間的に離れている。アルデバランは古来、占星術では大吉の星とされていた。

[岡崎 彰]

[参照項目] | おうし座 | プレヤデス
おうし座α星(アルデバラン)
おうし座にある赤色巨星。プレヤデスより少しあとに東空に昇ってくるため、「すばるの後星」ともよばれる写真提供/なよろ市立天文台">

おうし座α星(アルデバラン)

おうし座
©藤井 旭">

おうし座


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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