Artigas, José Gervasio

Japanese: アルティガス（英語表記）Artigas， José Gervasio

Born: June 19, 1764 in Montevideo
[Died] September 23, 1850. Ibirai The father of Uruguay's nation. Born into a wealthy Spanish farmer family, he was educated at a Franciscan monastery and managed a farm in Caspa. He was fearless and an excellent horse rider, and was highly respected by the gauchos, leading them to become the leader of the rural self-defense forces. In 1797, he joined the Spanish government army in Montevideo. When the independence movement broke out in Buenos Aires in 1810, he joined the revolutionary army, and in 1811, he returned to Uruguay to lead the independence movement. In May of that year, he defeated the Spanish royalists at Las Piedras and besieged Montevideo, but as the danger of an invasion by the Portuguese army increased, he led about 16,000 men and women of all ages (about a quarter of Uruguay's total population at the time) to flee to Ayuy (Argentina). In 1812, he assisted the Argentine army in the siege of Montevideo, but the following year, his proposal for a federal system was rejected, which led to a conflict with the government in Buenos Aires. This led to Uruguay becoming an independent republic in 1828. From 1814 to 1816, his sphere of influence extended not only to Uruguay but also to the eastern provinces of Argentina. However, he was unable to resist the invasion of the Portuguese army that began in 1816, and was defeated at the Battle of Tacuarembo in 1820, after which he left Uruguay. In the same year, he tried to recover his lost territory in Argentina, but failed, and thereafter lived in seclusion in Paraguay.

Artigas
Artigas

The capital of Artigas Department, in the northwestern tip of Uruguay. The city faces the Cuaraín River (known as the Cuaraí River in Brazil), which forms the border with Brazil, and faces the Cuaraí across the river. Founded in 1852, it was originally called San Eugenio. It is the center of the surrounding agricultural and livestock areas, distributing beef cattle, dried beef, wool, grains, and fruit, and also has a lively trade with Brazil. It is connected by rail and road to the river ports of Salto and Bela Unión on the Uruguay River. It is connected to Cuaraí on the opposite bank by a bridge. Population 34,551 (1985).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1764.6.19. モンテビデオ
[没]1850.9.23. イビライ
ウルグアイ建国の父。スペイン系の富裕な農場主の家に生れ，フランシスコ会の修道院で教育を受けたのち，カスパで農場の経営にあたった。勇猛果敢で乗馬に秀でた彼は，ガウチョの厚い信望を得，農村の自衛部隊の隊長に推された。 1797年モンテビデオのスペイン政府軍に入隊。 1810年ブエノスアイレス市で独立運動が起ると，革命軍に身を投じ，11年ウルグアイに戻って独立運動を指導した。同年5月，ラスピエドラスでスペイン王党派を破り，モンテビデオを包囲したが，ポルトガル軍進入の危険が高まったため，約1万 6000人 (当時のウルグアイ総人口の約4分の1) の老若男女を率いてアユイ (アルゼンチン) に避難。 12年アルゼンチン軍のモンテビデオ包囲に協力したが，翌年彼の唱える連邦制の主張が拒否されたことから，ブエノスアイレスの政府と対立するにいたった。これがのちにウルグアイを単独の共和国として独立させる (1828) 起因となった。 14～16年にかけ，彼の勢力圏はウルグアイのみならずアルゼンチン東部諸州にまで及んだ。しかし 16年に始るポルトガル軍の侵入に抵抗しえず，20年タクアレンボの戦いで敗北を喫し，ウルグアイを去った。同年アルゼンチンで失地回復をはかったが失敗，以後パラグアイで隠遁生活をおくった。

アルティガス
Artigas

ウルグアイ北西端部，アルティガス県の県都。ブラジルとの国境をなすクアレイン川 (ブラジルではクアライ川) にのぞむ都市で，同川をはさんでクアライに相対する。 1852年建設され，初めサンエウヘニオ San Eugenioと呼ばれた。周辺の農牧地帯の中心地で，肉牛，乾燥牛肉，羊毛，穀物，果実などを集散し，ブラジルとの取引も盛ん。ウルグアイ川の河港サルト，ベヤウニオンと鉄道，道路で連絡。対岸のクアライとは橋で結ばれる。人口3万 4551 (1985) 。

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