Acid rock - Sanseigan (English spelling)

Japanese: 酸性岩 - さんせいがん(英語表記)acidic rock
Acid rock - Sanseigan (English spelling)

A igneous rock whose chemical composition is almost 70% silica SiO2 . Volcanic rocks include rhyolite, and plutonic rocks include granite and granodiorite. In addition to silica, acidic rocks also contain a high content of alumina Al2O3 and alkalis ( Na2O and K2O ), but have little iron (FeO and Fe2O3 ) or magnesia MgO. Therefore, acidic rocks are sometimes called felsic rocks or salic rocks. When holocrystalline, the amount of colorless minerals such as quartz and feldspar is high, so the rock is bright and fair - white in color. However, volcanic rocks that are glassy, ​​like obsidian, are not necessarily white, and can be dark gray or black. Note that the term "acidic" when referring to rocks is different from the chemical term "acidic."

[Mitsuo Hashimoto]

Rhyolite
Produced in Oga Peninsula, Akita Prefecture ©Shogakukan

Rhyolite

granite
Made in Mannari, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture ©Shogakukan

granite


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

化学組成においてシリカSiO2がほぼ70%に達する火成岩。火山岩では流紋岩、深成岩では花崗(かこう)岩ないし花崗閃緑(せんりょく)岩がこれに含まれる。酸性岩ではシリカのほかに、アルミナAl2O3やアルカリ(Na2OとK2O)の含有量も高いが、鉄(FeOやFe2O3)やマグネシアMgOは少ない。そこで、酸性岩のことを珪長質岩(けいちょうしつがん)felsic rock, salic rockということもある。完晶質のときには、石英や長石などの無色鉱物の量が多くなるので、全体に明るく、優白色になる。もっとも、火山岩でガラス質のものでは、黒曜石のように、かならずしも白くなく、暗灰色や黒色を呈することもある。なお、岩石についていう酸性は、化学用語の酸性とは意味が違うので注意が必要である。

[橋本光男]

流紋岩
秋田県 男鹿半島産©Shogakukan">

流紋岩

花崗岩
岡山県岡山市万成産©Shogakukan">

花崗岩


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