Entrance examination

Japanese: 入学試験 - にゅうがくしけん（英語表記）entrance examination

An exam to select those who will be admitted from among applicants. In Japan, since 1894, when admission to ordinary middle schools was decided to be based on academic ability tests, students for secondary and higher education have been selected solely on the basis of their results in academic ability tests. Since the Taisho period, the rapid increase in the number of people wanting to go on to higher education has led to the so-called "examination hell." After that, various measures were tried to improve the situation, such as the introduction of school reports, character tests, and oral examinations, and after World War II, various reforms were made, such as the establishment of the Joint First Academic Ability Test and the National Center Test for University Admissions, and the adoption of a recommendation-based admission system.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

志願者のなかから入学を許可する者を選抜するための試験。日本では 1894年に尋常中学校の入学を学力試験によると定めて以来，中等以上の学校の入学者はもっぱら学力試験の成績によって選抜されてきた。大正期以降，進学志望者の急増に伴って，いわゆる「受験地獄」の状況を現出した。その後内申書，人物考査，口頭試問の導入などの改善策が試みられ，また，第2次世界大戦後も共通第1次学力試験や大学入試センター試験の制度化，推薦入学制の採用など，さまざまな改革が行なわれてきた。

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