Sans-culottes (English spelling)

Japanese: サン･キュロット（英語表記）Sans‐culottes

The term refers to the people during the French Revolution, especially those in cities such as Paris, and refers to the social class that formed the basis of the popular movement during the revolution. The term was first used to refer to the people of Paris after 1792, and then spread to other cities, but it was not as common in other cities as it was in Paris. The term sans-culottes means those who do not own culottes (knee-length shorts worn by the nobility and bourgeoisie). They wore long trousers (pantaloons) and a short jacket, which were the normal work clothes, and often wore a soft red cap called a Phrygian cap, which was a symbol of freedom, and often carried a long sword (saber) or a spear.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

フランス革命期の民衆，とくにパリをはじめとする都市の民衆を指し，革命期の民衆運動の基盤となった社会層をいう。この呼称は，1792年以降に，まずパリの民衆を指すものとして用いられ始め，やがて他の都市でも用いられるようになったが，他の都市ではパリにおけるほどは一般化しなかった。サン･キュロットという言葉は，キュロット(貴族やブルジョアのはく膝までの半ズボン)をもたない者，という意味であり，彼らは，ふつうの仕事着である長ズボン(パンタロン)と短い上着をつけ，好んで自由の象徴であるフリジア帽という赤いやわらかな縁なし帽をかぶり，しばしば長剣(サーベル)や槍を携行した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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