Oxidizing agents are substances that have the ability to oxidize other substances, that easily release oxygen, or that easily take electrons from other substances. The main types are shown below.
A substance that is oxidized by an oxidizing agent is a reducing agent, but redox reactions are relative, and the same substance can be both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent depending on the other. For example, hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2 +2I - +2H + →I 2 +2H 2 O ) acts as an oxidizing agent that oxidizes iodide ions in an acidic solution, but is oxidized as a reducing agent by permanganate ions, which are a stronger oxidizing agent (5H 2 O 2 +2MnO 4 - +6H + →5O 2 +2Mn 2+ +8H 2 O). [Iwamoto Shinbu] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
他の物質を酸化する能力をもつ物質、酸素を放出しやすい物質、他の物質から電子を奪いやすい物質が酸化剤となる。以下におもなものを示す。
酸化剤に酸化される物質は還元剤であるが、酸化還元反応は相対的であり、同じ物質でも相手によって酸化剤にもなり、還元剤にもなる。たとえば、H2O2+2I-+2H+→I2+2H2Oのように過酸化水素H2O2は、酸性溶液中でヨウ化物イオンを酸化する酸化剤として作用するが、より強い酸化剤である過マンガン酸イオンには還元剤となって酸化される(5H2O2+2MnO4-+6H+→5O2+2Mn2++8H2O)。 [岩本振武] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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