Oxidizing agent - Sankazai (English spelling)

Japanese: 酸化剤 - さんかざい(英語表記)oxidizing agent
Oxidizing agent - Sankazai (English spelling)

Oxidizing agents are substances that have the ability to oxidize other substances, that easily release oxygen, or that easily take electrons from other substances. The main types are shown below.


[Permanganate]
Potassium permanganate KMnO4 etc. [Chromic acid]
Potassium dichromate K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , chromium oxide (Ⅵ) CrO 3 , etc. [nitric acid]
Nitric acid HNO3 , potassium nitrate KNO3 , etc. [halogens]
Fluorine F2 , Chlorine Cl2 , Bromine Br2 , Iodine I2
[Peroxide]
Hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) , sodium peroxide ( Na2O2 ) , etc. (oxides)
Copper(II) oxide CuO, lead(IV) oxide PbO 2 , manganese(IV) oxide MnO 2 , etc. (metal salts)
Iron chloride (III) FeCl 3 , copper sulfate (II) CuSO 4 , etc. (oxygen)
Air, oxygen (O2 ) , ozone (O3 )
[Sulfuric acid]
Hot concentrated sulfuric acid H2SO4 , fuming sulfuric acid + nitric acid [others]
Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 etc.

Among the oxidizing agents listed above, potassium permanganate is well known and is used in redox titrations.

A substance that is oxidized by an oxidizing agent is a reducing agent, but redox reactions are relative, and the same substance can be both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent depending on the other. For example, hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2 +2I - +2H + →I 2 +2H 2 O ) acts as an oxidizing agent that oxidizes iodide ions in an acidic solution, but is oxidized as a reducing agent by permanganate ions, which are a stronger oxidizing agent (5H 2 O 2 +2MnO 4 - +6H + →5O 2 +2Mn 2+ +8H 2 O).

[Iwamoto Shinbu]

[Reference] | Permanganate titration | Reducing agent | Oxidation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

他の物質を酸化する能力をもつ物質、酸素を放出しやすい物質、他の物質から電子を奪いやすい物質が酸化剤となる。以下におもなものを示す。


〔過マンガン酸塩〕
 過マンガン酸カリウムKMnO4など
〔クロム酸類〕
 重クロム酸カリウムK2Cr2O7, 酸化クロム(Ⅵ) CrO3など
〔硝酸類〕
 硝酸HNO3, 硝酸カリウムKNO3など
〔ハロゲン〕
 フッ素F2, 塩素Cl2, 臭素Br2, ヨウ素I2
〔過酸化物〕
 過酸化水素H2O2, 過酸化ナトリウムNa2O2など
〔酸化物〕
 酸化銅(Ⅱ) CuO, 酸化鉛(Ⅳ) PbO2, 酸化マンガン(Ⅳ) MnO2など
〔金属塩類〕
 塩化鉄(Ⅲ) FeCl3, 硫酸銅(Ⅱ) CuSO4など
〔酸素類〕
 空気,酸素O2, オゾンO3
〔硫酸類〕
 熱濃硫酸H2SO4, 発煙硫酸+硝酸
〔その他〕
 ニトロベンゼンC6H5NO2など

 上に示した酸化剤のなかでも過マンガン酸カリウムは、酸化還元滴定に用いられ、よく知られている。

 酸化剤に酸化される物質は還元剤であるが、酸化還元反応は相対的であり、同じ物質でも相手によって酸化剤にもなり、還元剤にもなる。たとえば、H2O2+2I-+2H+→I2+2H2Oのように過酸化水素H2O2は、酸性溶液中でヨウ化物イオンを酸化する酸化剤として作用するが、より強い酸化剤である過マンガン酸イオンには還元剤となって酸化される(5H2O2+2MnO4-+6H+→5O2+2Mn2++8H2O)。

[岩本振武]

[参照項目] | 過マンガン酸塩滴定 | 還元剤 | 酸化

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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