University of Salerno - University of Salerno

Japanese: サレルノ大学 - されるのだいがく(英語表記)Università degli studi di Salerno
University of Salerno - University of Salerno

One of the oldest medieval universities in Salerno, southern Italy. It was famous throughout Europe as a medical center in the first half of the Middle Ages. Located south of Naples, Salerno was already home to a Benedictine monastery in the 7th century, and was known as a resort town due to its good climate, and a medical school was also established there. The medical school, which is said to have originated in the 9th century, was also a center of learning from the 11th to the mid-13th century, alongside Bologna for law and Paris for theology. This is because Salerno was an important seaport city with close ties to the Eastern Roman Empire and the Mediterranean countries. The medical book produced there, Regimen sanitaris salernitanum , was widely read throughout Europe and had a great influence. According to Hastings Rashdall (1858-1924), a British researcher of university history, the Salerno Medical School was officially recognized as a medieval university by a royal decree from Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (reigned 1220-50) in 1231. However, it declined after repeatedly merging (1253) and separating (1258) with the University of Naples (1224), which had been founded nearby, and by the end of the 13th century the influence of Arabic medicine grew stronger, and the center of medical research and education gradually shifted from Salerno to Montpellier in the south of France and Bologna in the north of Italy.

Salerno was the birthplace of medieval medicine, and although the University of Salerno existed as an institution from the end of the 13th century onwards, it is said to have had little influence on other universities. It was finally forced to close in the early 19th century.

[Toru Magose]

current situation

The University of Salerno, which was rebuilt in 1970, no longer has the Faculty of Medicine that evokes the past, and is developing as a new university that is different from the traditions of medieval universities. In 1979, there were only four faculties: Law, Economics and Commerce, Literature and Philosophy, and Science. Later, five more faculties were added: Education, Engineering, Political Science, Pharmacy, and Social Sciences, and as of 1999, it consists of nine faculties.

[Toru Magose]

[References] | Medical History

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

南イタリアのサレルノにある最古の中世大学の一つ。中世前半期における医学のセンターとして全欧的な名声を博していた。サレルノはナポリの南にあって、すでに7世紀にはベネディクト派の修道院が建ち、気候がよかったことなどから、保養地としても知られ、医学校も設けられるようになった。9世紀に起源をもつといわれる医学校は、11~13世紀中ごろにかけて、法学のボローニャ、神学のパリと並ぶ学問の中心地でもあった。サレルノは重要な海港都市であり、東ローマや地中海諸国家と密接な関係にあったからである。そこで生み出された医学書『サレルノ健康法』Regimen sanitaris salernitanumは全欧で広く読まれ、大きな影響を及ぼした。イギリスの大学史研究者でもあるラシドールHastings Rashdall(1858―1924)によれば、サレルノ医学校が中世大学として公的に承認されたのは、1231年神聖ローマ皇帝フリードリヒ2世(在位1220~50)の勅令によるとされている。ところが、近隣に設立されたナポリ大学(1224)との統合(1253)・分離(1258)を繰り返すうちに衰退し、13世紀末にはアラビア医学の影響が強まるとともに、医学研究・医学教育の中心は、サレルノから、しだいにフランス南部にあるモンペリエ、イタリア北部のボローニャへと移っていった。

 サレルノは中世医学発祥の地ではあったが、13世紀末以降のサレルノ大学は組織として存在したものの、他大学への影響は少なかったといわれている。そして19世紀初頭に至ってついに閉学を余儀なくされた。

[馬越 徹]

現状

1970年に再建されたサレルノ大学には、往時をしのぶ医学部は設置されておらず、中世大学の伝統とは異なる新しい大学として発展している。79年には法学、経済学・商学、文学・哲学、理学の4学部だけであったが、その後、教育学、工学、政治学、薬学、社会科学の5学部が加わり、1999年現在、9学部から構成されている。

[馬越 徹]

[参照項目] | 医学史

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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