The capital of the Province of Salerno in Campania, southern Italy. Population: 144,078 (2001 census estimate). Located in the northern part of the Gulf of Salerno, near the mouth of the Irno River. Founded by the Romans in 197 BC, its Latin name is Salernum. After passing through Byzantine rule, it became part of the Lombard Duchy of Benevento in 646, and the foundations of its development as a town were laid especially during the reign of Arechi II (757-787). After 839, it became the capital of the Duchy of Salerno, and during its heyday under Guaimario V (1027-1052), it exerted a great political and economic influence on the whole of southern Italy. In 1077, Salerno came under Norman rule, but maintained its importance. Furthermore, medical research was conducted at the Salerno Medical School, which is said to have existed as early as the 9th century, and in the 12th and 13th centuries, the city gained fame throughout Europe. Today, it prospers as a commercial and industrial city, with cotton, food (pasta and canned goods), and machinery industries thriving. The city has a cathedral (11th century) built by the Norman Robert Guiscard. Nearby are the Amalfi Coast and the ruins of the ancient city of Paestum, and tourism is also thriving. [Kenichi Sakai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア南部、カンパニア州サレルノ県の県都。人口14万4078(2001国勢調査速報値)。サレルノ湾の北部、イルノ川の河口付近に位置する。紀元前197年、ローマ人によって建設され、ラテン名はサレルヌムSalernum。その後ビザンティンの支配を経て、646年ランゴバルドのベネベント公領となり、とくにアレキ2世ArechiⅡの治世下(757~787)に町としての発展の基礎が築かれた。839年以降はサレルノ公領の首都となり、とりわけグァイマリオ5世GuaimarioⅤ(1027~1052)下の全盛期には、南イタリア一帯に大きな政治的、経済的影響を与えた。 1077年にはノルマンの支配下に入るが、サレルノの重要性は維持された。そのうえ、すでに9世紀初めには存在したといわれるサレルノ医学校を拠点として医学研究が行われ、12、13世紀には、全ヨーロッパ的な名声を博した。現在は商工業都市として栄え、綿業、食品工業(パスタや缶詰の製造)、機械工業が盛んである。ノルマンのロベルト・グイスカルドによって建造された大聖堂(11世紀)がある。近郊にはアマルフィ海岸や古代都市パエストゥムPaestumの遺跡などがあり、観光業も発達している。 [堺 憲一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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