Heiji Oikawa

Educator and practitioner of the Taisho era liberal education. Born on March 18, 1875, in a farming family in Miyagi Prefecture. After graduating from Miyagi Prefectural Normal School in 1897 (Meiji 30), he served as an elementary school teacher in Miyagi Prefecture and Tokyo Prefecture, and passed the Ministry of Education's secondary education examination. In 1907 (Meiji 40), he became the principal of the elementary school attached to Akashi Women's Normal School in Hyogo Prefecture, a position he held for about 30 years until his retirement in 1936 (Showa 11). Akashi Elementary School, which put into practice the dynamic division-style education he advocated, became a center of liberal education, attracting attention from all over the country, along with Chiba Elementary School Attached to Normal School by Tezuka Kishie (1880-1936) and Nara Women's Higher Normal School Attached to Nara (1872-1946). After his retirement, he served as the director of the Sendai City Educational Research Institute, and devoted himself to curriculum research. His major works include "Dynamic Educational Methods in the Divisional System" (1912), "Dynamic Educational Methods for Each Subject in the Divisional System" (1915), and "Outline of Dynamic Education" (1920). He passed away on January 1, 1939.

[Komata Noriaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

教育者、大正自由教育の実践者。明治8年3月18日宮城県の農家に生まれる。1897年（明治30）宮城県尋常師範学校卒業後、宮城県と東京府において小学校教員を務め、文部省中等教育試験に合格。1907年（明治40）兵庫県明石(あかし)女子師範学校附属小学校主事、以後1936年（昭和11）の退職まで約30年間その地位にあった。彼の主唱する分団式動的教育を実践した明石附属小は、手塚岸衛(きしえ)（1880―1936）の千葉師範附属小、木下竹次（1872―1946）の奈良女高師附属小などと並んで、自由教育の中心地となり全国の注目を集めた。退職後は仙台市教育研究所所長を務め、カリキュラム研究に没頭。主著に、『分団式動的教育法』（1912）、『分団式各科動的教育法』（1915）、『動的教育学要綱』（1920）がある。昭和14年1月1日没。

［小股憲明］

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