Burgos - Burgos (English spelling)

Japanese: ブルゴス - ぶるごす(英語表記)Burgos
Burgos - Burgos (English spelling)

Burgos is the capital of the province of Burgos in the Castilla y Leon region in northern Spain. It has a population of 166,187 (2001). It is located on the northeastern edge of the Meseta, overlooking the Arranzón River, a small tributary of the Duero River, at an altitude of 860 meters. In the 20th century, under the Franco regime, it became one of the centers of the Spanish industrial development plan, and modern industries such as cotton, synthetic fibers, electricity, and chemicals were established. In the northern part of the old town on the north bank, there is a hill with the remains of a medieval castle and the San Esteban Gate (13th century). The cathedral (13th-15th century) is a magnificent Gothic building, and contains the tomb of the hero El Cid, and the spire on the west front was designed by Juan de Colonia, an architect from Cologne (Germany). Other notable buildings include the Santa Maria Gate and the Monastery of Huelgas, 1 km west of the city.

[Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa]

history

Inhabited by Celtic peoples before the Roman conquest, it was known as a stopover between the Basque Country and central Castile. At the end of the 9th century, the city was established as an outpost for the Kingdom of Asturias against the Muslims who had invaded the previous century, and it was the birthplace and active place of the legendary hero El Cid, and in the 11th century it became the capital of the Kingdom of Castile. Its political significance diminished when the capital was moved to Madrid in the 16th century, but it continued to be a commercial center for wool and other products. In the early 19th century, it was occupied by French invaders, and was the seat of the rebel government during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39).

[Yasuhiro Fukazawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スペイン北部、カスティーリャ・イ・レオン地方ブルゴス県の県都。人口16万6187(2001)。メセタの北東縁、ドゥエロ川上流の小支流アルランソン川に臨み、標高860メートルに位置する。20世紀に入り、フランコ政権下でスペイン工業発展計画の中心の一つとなり、木綿や化学繊維、電気、化学などの近代工業が立地した。北岸の旧市街北部には中世の城跡やサン・エステバンの城門(13世紀)が残る丘がある。大聖堂(13~15世紀)は壮大なゴシック建築で、英雄エル・シッドの墓があり、西正面の尖塔(せんとう)はケルン(ドイツ)出身の建築家ファン・デ・コロニアの手になる。ほかにサンタ・マリア門、市内から1キロメートル西にウェルガス修道院がある。

[田辺 裕・滝沢由美子]

歴史

古代ローマの征服前からケルト系人が居住し、バスク地方とカスティーリャ中心部との間の経由地として知られていた。9世紀末、前世紀に侵入したイスラム教徒に対するアストゥリアス王国の前哨(ぜんしょう)地点として都市が形成され、伝説的英雄エル・シッドの生誕・活躍の地となり、11世紀にカスティーリャ王国の首都となった。16世紀のマドリード遷都で政治的意義は減じたが、その後も羊毛などの商業的中心地であった。19世紀初頭、フランスの侵入軍に占領され、スペイン内戦(1936~39)では反乱派の政権所在地であった。

[深澤安博]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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