Geomagnetism - Chikyudenjikigaku (English spelling) geomagnetism

Japanese: 地球電磁気学 - ちきゅうでんじきがく（英語表記）geomagnetism

A field of study that studies the nature and causes of geomagnetism and the electromagnetic properties of the Earth through observation of the geomagnetic field (earth's magnetic field). Perhaps due to the simple question of why a magnet points north, research into this field has a long history, but it was C. F. Gauss in the 19th century who established the foundations of modern science, and it has only been recently that it has come to be understood in detail. Geomagnetism is made up of the following fields. In the field of geomagnetic observation, there are fields that observe phenomena caused within the Earth, such as geomagnetic secular variation, and fields that observe phenomena caused by external factors, such as magnetic storms, but the latter are generally treated as part of upper atmosphere physics, which studies the ionosphere and magnetosphere.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

地磁気(地球磁場)の観測を通して地磁気の性質や原因，地球の電磁気学的性質を研究する学問分野。なぜ磁石は北を指すかという素朴な疑問のためか研究の歴史は古いが，近代科学としての基礎を築いたのは19世紀のC.F.ガウスであり，詳細にわかってきたのはつい最近のことである。　地球電磁気学は以下の分野などから構成される。地磁気の観測の分野では，地磁気永年変化などの地球内部に原因がある現象を観測する分野と，磁気あらしなどの外部原因の現象を観測する分野があるが，一般に後者は電離圏とか磁気圏の研究を行う超高層物理学に含めて扱う。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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