Foster care system - Satooyaseido

Japanese: 里親制度 - さとおやせいど
Foster care system - Satooyaseido

This system (Guidelines for the Foster Parent System) aims to promote the healthy development of children who are not blessed with a good family environment by providing them with a home with warm love and proper understanding for the complete and harmonious development of their personality. It is based on the Child Welfare Act (Act No. 164 of 1947). In 2005 (Heisei 17), the definition of foster parents (Article 6-4) was established in the Child Welfare Act, which defines foster parents as those who wish to raise a child in need of protection, those who wish to become adoptive parents through adoption, etc., and who the prefectural governor deems appropriate to entrust a child to the care of the child. There are three types of foster parents: foster parents, specialized foster parents, adoptive foster parents, and kinship foster parents.

As of the end of fiscal year 2014, there were 9,949 registered foster parents, 3,644 foster parents with children in their care, and 4,731 children in their care (FY2014 welfare administration report example). In Japan, the majority of children in need of protection are taken care of in child welfare institutions, but it is difficult for institutions to provide detailed emotional care, and there is an increasing need for foster parents who will raise children in a home with plenty of love and proper understanding.

In the 2002 amendment, as part of measures to combat the worsening problem of child abuse, a "specialized foster parent" system was established to care for children who have suffered physical and mental damage as a result of abuse. A "kinship foster parent" system was also established, in which children in need of protection are looked after by relatives within the third degree of kinship, and the system was expanded. In 2011, the "Foster Parent Placement Guidelines" were drawn up, clarifying the principle that foster parent placement takes precedence over institutional care in social welfare. Due to policies that promote foster parent placement, the number of foster parents and children in their care is gradually increasing. To be certified as a foster parent, an application must be made to the child consultation center that has jurisdiction over the person's place of residence, and they must undergo training and screening.

[Kazuhiko Yokoyama and Rie Iwanaga, July 19, 2016]

"The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Child and Family Bureau, ed., Thirty Years of Progress in Child Welfare (1978, Japan Child Problem Research Council)""Aizawa Jin, Kashiwame Reiho, Shibuya Masashi eds., Principles of Child Rearing and Support: An Overview of Social Welfare (2012, Akashi Shoten)"

[References] | Child consultation center | Social welfare | Hospitalism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

家庭環境にめぐまれない児童等に、その人格の完全かつ調和のとれた発達のため、温かい愛情と正しい理解をもった家庭を与えることにより、児童の健全な育成を図ることを目的とする制度(里親制度運営要綱)。児童福祉法(昭和22年法律第164号)に基づく。2005年度(平成17)から児童福祉法に里親の定義(第6条の4)が設けられており、同法では、要保護児童を養育することを希望する者、養子縁組によって養親となることを希望する者等のうち、都道府県知事が児童を委託する者として適当と認める者を里親としている。里親の種類には、養育里親、専門里親、養子縁組里親、親族里親がある。

 2014年度末時点の登録里親数は9949人、児童が委託されている里親数は3644人、里親に委託されている児童数は4731人となっている(平成26年度福祉行政報告例)。日本では、要保護児童の大半が児童養護施設に保護されているが、施設ではきめ細かい心のケアを行うことはむずかしく、豊かな愛情と正しい理解をもった家庭のなかで養育する里親の必要性は高まっている。

 2002年の改正では、児童虐待が深刻化してきていることへの対策の一環として、虐待等により心身に有害な影響を受けた児童を養育する「専門里親」制度が創設された。また、要保護児童を三親等以内の親族が養育する「親族里親」制度も設けられ、制度の拡充が図られた。また、2011年には「里親委託ガイドライン」が策定され、社会的養護においては施設養護よりも里親委託を優先する原則が明記された。里親委託を推進する政策により、少しずつではあるが里親および委託されている児童数は増加する傾向にある。なお、里親の認定を受ける場合には、居住地を管轄する児童相談所に申請し、研修・審査を受けることになっている。

[横山和彦・岩永理恵 2016年7月19日]

『厚生省児童家庭局編『児童福祉三十年の歩み』(1978・日本児童問題調査会)』『相澤仁・柏女霊峰・澁谷昌史編『子どもの養育・支援の原理――社会的養護総論』(2012・明石書店)』

[参照項目] | 児童相談所 | 社会的養護 | ホスピタリズム

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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