An annual plant of the grass family (APG classification: Gramineae). It is a variety of sorghum, and is named after the sweet sap of its stems. It is also called lozoku (reed millet), sweet sorghum, and sorghum. It is native to East Africa and is cultivated in temperate and tropical regions around the world. It is a plant similar to corn, with an upright stem that grows to a height of 2-4 meters and a diameter of about 4 centimeters, and produces several tillers. Support roots grow in the air from the base of the stem at two or three nodes, which penetrate into the soil and prevent it from falling over. Each stem has about 10 to 20 leaves, and the largest can reach a length of 1 meter and a width of 10 centimeters. From summer to autumn, it produces a 15-20 cm long flower spike at the top of the stem. The flower spike is a raceme and bears 2,000 to 3,000 small flowers. The shape of the flower spike varies from cylindrical to broom-shaped depending on the variety. The caryopsis is brown, yellow, white, red, etc., oval in shape with a slightly pointed tip, and very small, measuring just 5 mm in long diameter, with 1,000 caryopsis grains weighing 23 to 28 grams. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika August 20, 2019] Cultivation and UseSweet sorghum is thought to have spread around the world in association with sorghum. It is resistant to high temperatures and dryness, grows well, and can withstand fairly humid conditions, so it is suitable for cultivation in a wide range of areas. Its growing period is about 100 days, so it can be cultivated in Japan from Okinawa to Hokkaido. It is thought to have been introduced to Japan sometime between the 5th and 8th centuries. In the early Meiji period, large-scale cultivation was planned as a domestic sweetener, and sugar factories were built. However, sweet sorghum sap contains a lot of glucose and fructose in addition to sucrose, making it difficult to crystallize, and since the sugar industry using sugarcane as a raw material arose in Taiwan and other places after 1887 (Meiji 20), the economically disadvantageous sweet sorghum sugar industry was abolished. Recently, however, research has been progressing into obtaining alternative energy sources from plants, and sweet sorghum is beginning to attract attention as a raw material crop. The idea is to ferment the juice of sweet sorghum to produce alcohol and use it as fuel. Methods are also being developed to use the residue (called bagasse) as feed or fuel. There is also a trend to reconsider its use as liquid sugar. It is generally used as feed, with the stems and leaves cut into small pieces and packed in silos to make high-quality silage, and the seeds and kernels used as feed or as an ingredient in brewed alcohol. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika August 20, 2019] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イネ科(APG分類:イネ科)の一年草。モロコシの変種で、茎の汁液に甘味があるのでこの名がある。ロゾク(蘆粟)、スイートソルガム、ソルゴーなどともいう。東アフリカ原産で、世界各地の温帯や熱帯で栽培されている。トウモロコシに似た植物で、茎は直立し高さ2~4メートル、太さ4センチメートルほどになり、数本の分げつを出す。茎の基部2~3節より空中に支持根を出し、これが土に入って倒伏を防いでいる。葉は1本の茎に十数枚から二十数枚つき、大きいもので長さ1メートル、幅10センチメートルに達する。夏から秋に茎頂に長さ15~20センチメートルの花穂を出す。花穂は総状花序で、2000~3000個の小花をつける。なお花穂の形は品種によって円柱状からほうき状のものまでさまざまである。穎果(えいか)は褐色、黄、白、紅色などで、楕円(だえん)形で先はややとがり、長径5ミリメートルとごく小さく、1000粒の重さは23~28グラムである。 [星川清親 2019年8月20日] 栽培と利用サトウモロコシはモロコシに付随して世界中に伝播(でんぱ)したと考えられる。高温、乾燥に強く、よく成長し、かなりの湿潤条件にも耐えるので、栽培適地が広い。生育日数は100日ほどなので、日本でも沖縄から北海道まで栽培が可能である。日本には5~8世紀に伝来したと考えられる。明治初期に、国産の甘味原料として大規模な栽培が計画され、製糖工場も建設された。しかし、汁液にショ糖のほかにブドウ糖や果糖を多く含み、結晶しにくく、そのうえ1887年(明治20)以降に台湾などでサトウキビを原料とする製糖業がおこったため、経済的に不利なサトウモロコシ糖業は廃止された。 ところが最近、石油代替のエネルギーを植物から得る研究が進められ、その原料作物として注目され始めている。これは、サトウモロコシの絞り汁を発酵させてアルコールをつくり燃料に利用しようというものである。また、絞りかす(バガスという)を飼料や燃料として利用する方法も開発されつつある。さらに、液糖としての利用も再検討される気運にある。一般には飼料用とし、茎葉を細かく切断してサイロに詰めて良質のサイレージをつくり、種実は飼料や醸造酒原料とする。 [星川清親 2019年8月20日] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Sugar palm - sugar palm (English spelling)
>>: Harvestman - Harvestman (English spelling)
This is one of the many right-wing groups formed a...
This shows the basics of the Meiji government'...
It refers to a legal act of multiple parties aime...
…Dong Zhuo took control of the country, and in 19...
...This machine was used to perform multiplicatio...
This is the most important coalfield near the port...
…The first term represents the strengthening of t...
A popular song was the mainstream of American popu...
…In Jingamine in the north, ceramics (tiles and c...
…They oxidize iron in the water and accumulate la...
A type of cattle with a protuberance on the should...
...Many people die from secondary bacterial infec...
...Various hydrates of Na 2 SiO 3 are obtained fr...
Born: 1853 [Died] 1921 A Chinese thinker and trans...
...In Tokyo, it is called Kiiwashi, in Lake Haman...