Sapporo [city] - Sapporo

Japanese: 札幌[市] - さっぽろ

A city in central Hokkaido. It was incorporated as a city in 1922. The city area developed on the alluvial fan of the Toyohira River, a tributary of the Ishikari River. It is the political, cultural and economic center of Hokkaido, and is home to the Hokkaido Prefectural Government and the Ishikari Development Bureau. In 1972, it became a city designated by government ordinance, with seven wards (Chuo, Kita, Higashi, Shiroishi, Toyohira, Minami and Nishi), two wards (Atsubetsu and Teine) added in 1989, and Kiyota ward added in 1997. In 1871, the Hokkaido Development Commission was established, and a large-scale planned city was designed. Odori Park, which runs east-west through the center, became a firebreak and became the basis for the formation of an orderly grid-like streetscape. It developed along with the development of Hokkaido, but until the early Showa period, Otaru and Hakodate were the economic centers. After World War II, national offices were concentrated in Sapporo, and large companies from the central government established branches, improving financial and economic functions and enhancing administrative functions. With this background, retail and service industries are thriving, accounting for approximately 80% of the population by industry (2005). The beer, dairy and other food industries are at the center of the city, as are printing, publishing and electronics-related industries, making it the largest industrial city in Hokkaido with a manufacturing shipment value of 556.3 billion yen (2003). On the other hand, agriculture, once known for its onion-producing suburbs, has rapidly urbanized since the late 1950s, and only 0.4% of the population by industry (2005) accounts for agriculture. The center of the city is dominated by the acacia trees lining the street in front of the station, the government district and shopping district in Odori Park, and the entertainment district of Susukino. Early Tondenhei villages around Sapporo, such as Kotoni, Shinkotoni, Yamahana, Hassamu and Shinoji, have been incorporated into the city and are now residential areas. With the hosting of the Sapporo Olympics in 1972, the city subway Namboku Line, Tozai Line and Toho Line were opened, and the city center was improved and developed into residential areas. There is Hokkaido University, Jozankei Onsen, and a ranch in Tsukisamu on the eastern outskirts of the city. In addition to the Snow Festival held in Odori Park in February, there are ski resorts such as Sapporo Kokusai and Moiwayama in the city's outskirts, making winter tourism popular. The city is connected by the Hakodate Main Line, Sassho Line, Chitose Line, Do-o Expressway, and Sasson Expressway, and there is also a well-developed bus network. Okadama Airport is the starting point for air travel within Hokkaido. ^{1,121.26 km2} . Population: 1,913,545 (2010).
→ Related topics Ishikari [Branch Office] | Kotoni | Sapporo [Station] | JR Tower | Hokkaido | Hokkaido University of Education

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

北海道中央部の市。1922年市制。市街地は石狩川の支流豊平川の扇状地上に発達，北海道の政治，文化，経済の中心地で，北海道庁，石狩振興局がある。1972年政令指定都市となり，中央，北，東，白石，豊平，南，西の７区が，1989年厚別，手稲の２区が，さらに1997年清田区がおかれた。1871年開拓使庁が置かれ大規模な計画都市が設計され，中央を東西に貫く大通公園が火防線となり，碁盤目状の整然とした街並形成の基礎となった。北海道の開発とともに発展したが，昭和初期までは経済の中心は小樽と函館であった。第２次大戦後は国の出先機関が札幌に集中し，中央の大企業が支社を設置，金融，経済の機能が高まり，管理中枢機能が充実した。これを背景に御・小売業，サービス業が盛んで，産業別人口構成では約８割（2005）を占めている。ビール，乳業などの食料品工業を中心に印刷・出版，エレクトロニクス関連などの工業が盛んで，製造品出荷額で5563億円（2003）を上げ道内一の工業都市となっている。一方農業は，かつて近郊がタマネギなどの産地として知られたが，昭和30年代後半から都市化が急速に進み，産業別人口構成では0.4％（2005）に過ぎない。アカシアの街路樹のある駅前通り，大通公園の官庁街と商店街，薄野(すすきの)の歓楽街などが中心部を占める。札幌周辺の初期の屯田兵村であった琴似，新琴似，山鼻，発寒，篠路などは市域に編入され，住宅地となっている。1972年の札幌オリンピックの開催を機に，市営地下鉄南北線，東西線，東豊線が通じ，市街地の整備，宅地化が進んだ。北海道大学，定山渓温泉，市街東郊の月寒(つきさむ)に牧場がある。また２月に大通公園で行われる雪祭のほか，市近郊には札幌国際，藻岩山などのスキー場もあり，冬の観光も盛んである。函館本線，札沼線，千歳線，道央自動車道，札樽自動車道が通じ，バス交通網も発達。丘珠(おかだま)空港は道内空路の起点である。1121.26km²。191万3545人（2010）。
→関連項目石狩［支庁］｜琴似｜札幌［駅］｜JRタワー｜北海道｜北海道教育大学

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