Zatugeki - Zatugeki

The name of a Chinese drama. In the history of Chinese drama, there are several works named Zaju. The earliest record of this name appears in documents from the late Tang Dynasty, but the details are unknown. Later, there were Song Zaju and Yuan Zaju, and in the south, Wenzhou Zaju was born during the Southern Song Dynasty, and later, Southern Zaju, which combined Northern and Southern Opera, was created from the mid-Ming Dynasty onwards. Of these, it was the Yuan Dynasty's Beiqu Zaju, commonly known as Yuan Opera, that first brought about the flowering of Chinese drama literature, and most people when they talk about Zaju are referring to Yuan Opera. Song Zaju is a general term for short plays, songs, dances, and acrobatics with a humorous theme, and the official Zaju, of which 280 types are recorded in documents from the Southern Song Dynasty, seems to refer to those that were performed at the imperial court. Wenzhou zaju, also known as Yongjia zaju, originated in Wenzhou (Zhejiang Province) and flourished after the people migrated south during the Song Dynasty. It eventually became popular in the capital, Lin'an, and developed into the southern opera of the Song and Yuan dynasties.

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Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の演劇の名称。中国演劇史のなかで、雑劇と名のつくものはいくつかある。もっとも早い記録としては晩唐の文献にこの名が出てくるが、その詳細はわからない。その後、時代を追って宋(そう)雑劇、元(げん)雑劇があり、南方では南宋に入ってから温州(おんしゅう)雑劇が生まれ、下って明(みん)代中葉以降につくられたものに南北曲をあわせ用いた南雑劇がある。このうち、中国に初めて戯曲文学の開花をもたらしたのが一般には元曲(げんきょく)と称される元代の北曲雑劇で、雑劇といえば多くはこの元曲をさしていわれる。宋雑劇は諧謔(かいぎゃく)を主調とする短劇や歌舞、曲芸の類を総称するもので、南宋の文献に280種の演目が記録されている官本雑劇というのは、その宮廷での上演に供されたものをいうらしい。温州雑劇は永嘉(えいか)雑劇ともいい、温州（浙江(せっこう)省）で始まって宋朝南渡後に盛んになり、やがて都の臨安(りんあん)で流行して宋・元の南戯に発展したものである。

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