Compounds that have only weak bonds due to van der Waals forces include inclusion compounds (clathrate compounds), which are very unstable diatomic molecules. Inclusion compounds are compounds in which a rare gas atom G is trapped in a three-dimensional cage structure made of water molecules, hydroquinone, phenol, etc., and in the case of hydrate clathrates, if all the gaps in the unit lattice are filled with rare gas atoms, the composition will be G・5.75H 2 O. Hydrate clathrates do not form with the smaller elements He and Ne. In low-temperature gases, the presence of Ar 2 and Xe 2 has been observed by absorption and mass spectrometry. In addition, excited rare gas atoms form diatomic molecules of the He 2 * type. Compounds with covalent bonds in the conventional sense were thought not to exist until XePtF 6 was accidentally created by N. Bartlett and others in Canada in 1962. XePtF 6 is a red solid that can be obtained simply by mixing PtF 6 vapor with Xe at room temperature. The most numerous compounds are produced with xenon, including fluoroplatinic acid in which the Pt is replaced by Ru, Rh, Si, etc., fluorides (see alternative terms: xenon fluorides), fluoride oxides such as XeOF 2 , XeOF 4 , and XeO 2 F 4 , oxides such as XeO 3 and XeO 4 , xenonic acid Xe(OH) 6 and its salts Ba 3 XeO 6 , perxenic acid H 4 XeO 6 and its salt Na 4 XeO 6 , and complexes with metal carbonyls M(CO) 5 Xe (M = Cr, Mo, W) (see alternative terms: xenon compounds). Of krypton, only KrF 2 was known, but Kr(OTeF 5 ) 2 , which is bonded to an O atom, has also been synthesized in a low-temperature solvent. In cryogenic rigid solvents at around 10 K, HKrF, HXeH, HXeOH, HXeBr, HKrCl, HXeCN, HKrCN, HXeNCO, acetylene insertion compounds HXeCCH, HXeCC, HXeCCXeH, and even the Ar compound HArF have been obtained, and infrared spectroscopy has confirmed that rare gas atoms bond not only with F and O, but also with H, C, N, Br, and Cl. Only the fluoride RnF2 has been confirmed for radon, but because radon is a radioactive element with a short half-life that makes it difficult to manipulate, and because radiolysis by alpha rays also occurs, it is thought that a wide variety of compounds can be produced, just like xenon. [See alternative terms] 18-electron rule Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
ファンデルワールス力による弱い結合しかもたない化合物として,包接化合物(クラスレート化合物),ごく不安定な二原子分子がある.包接化合物は水分子,ヒドロキノン,フェノールなどのつくる三次元のかご型構造のなかに希ガス原子Gが閉じ込められているもので,水和物クラスレートでは,単位格子中の間げきすべてに希ガス原子をつめればG・5.75H2Oの組成をもつ.小さいHe,Neでは,水和物クラスレートは生成しない.低温気体中では Ar2,Xe2 などの存在が吸収スペクトル,質量スペクトルにより観測されている.このほか,励起状態の希ガス原子は,He2* 型の二原子分子をつくる.通常の意味での共有結合による化合物は,1962年にカナダのN. BartlettらによってXePtF6が偶然つくり出されるまで存在しないと思われていた.XePtF6はPtF6蒸気とXeを常温で混合するだけで得られる赤色の固体である.もっとも多くの化合物がつくられているのはキセノンで,上記フッ化白金酸のPtをRu,Rh,Siなどにかえたもの,フッ化物([別用語参照]フッ化キセノン),酸化フッ化物XeOF2,XeOF4,XeO2F4など,酸化物XeO3,XeO4,キセノン酸Xe(OH)6とその塩Ba3XeO6など,過キセノン酸H4XeO6とその塩Na4XeO6,金属カルボニルとの錯体M(CO)5Xe(M=Cr,Mo,W)などがある([別用語参照]キセノン化合物).クリプトンについてはKrF2のみが知られていたが,O原子との結合をもつKr(OTeF5)2も低温溶媒中で合成された.10 K 前後の極低温剛性溶媒中では,HKrF,HXeH,HXeOH,HXeBr,HKrCl,HXeCN,HKrCN,HXeNCO,アセチレンへの挿入化合物HXeCCH,HXeCC,HXeCCXeHや,さらにArの化合物HArFまで得られ,希ガス原子がF,Oだけでなく,H,C,N,Br,Clとも結合することが赤外スペクトルなどで確かめられている.ラドンはフッ化物RnF2しか確認されていないが,ラドンが放射性元素で半減期が短く操作が困難なためと,α線による放射線分解も起こることが原因で,キセノン同様,多種類の化合物をつくりうると思われる.[別用語参照]18電子則 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
<<: Naturalized species - Naturalized species
...There are two theories about the origin of the...
…In compound leaves, the vascular bundles of the ...
…Completed in 1850. Designed by R. Stephenson, W....
〘Noun〙 A guide booklet published every year detail...
A Neolithic site located in Baotou, Ningyang Count...
An electrical comparator that converts the mechani...
...However, Japanese syllable tables are often cr...
A large district in Aizubange Town, Kawanuma Count...
It is located in Izumo, Chitose-cho, Kameoka City...
The bond and behavioral pattern between warriors ...
...Also called an indirect flame furnace. A furna...
Year of death: 1867 Year of birth: Unknown A shami...
A port city in southwestern Albania, facing the Gi...
…The soil cultivated by the plow is in the form o...
…Although his works were recognized by W.D. Howel...