Cherry blossoms - Sakura

Japanese: 桜 - さくら

[1] [noun] ① A group of deciduous trees or shrubs in the genus Prunus in the family Rosaceae. They are found in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in East Asia, and there are several dozen wild species. They usually bloom in spring, often before the leaves unfold. They have beautiful five-petal flowers in pale pink or white, and some are double-flowered. They have been featured in waka poetry and paintings since ancient times, and are now considered the national flower of Japan. They have been cultivated for decorative purposes since ancient times, and a large number of horticultural varieties have been created since the Edo period. The wood is used for printing blocks, furniture, architecture, shipbuilding, etc., and the bark is strong and used for handicrafts and bindings of curved objects , as well as for cough suppressants and expectorants in Chinese medicine. The flowers and buds are pickled in salt and drunk as sakura tea, and the fruit of the Mizakura (cherry) is called cherries and is eaten. Yamazakura, Satozakura, Oshimazakura, Somei-yoshino, Edo-higan, Higanzakura, etc. [Season: Spring] *Chronicles (720), 8th year of Emperor Yūkyō, February, folk song: "With the love of the cherry blossoms, if I were to love them so much, I would not love them sooner, my beloved children." *Kokinshu (905-914), 1st Spring, Vol. 53: "If the world were without cherry blossoms, the spring spirit would be more peaceful. (Ariwara no Narihira)" ② The wood of ①. The material is dense and is used for furniture, utensils, and ship materials. In the Edo period, it was also used as a woodblock. Cherry tree. [Yamato Honsho (1709)] ③ Abbreviation of "Sakuragawa (cherry bark)." ※Miscellaneous haiku, Yanagi Taru-150 (1838-40) "Plum blossoms and cherry blossoms sober up the drunkenness of sake" ④ "Sakura-iro (cherry blossom color)" Also, an abbreviation of "Sakuragasane (cherry blossom robe)". ※Utsubo (around 970-999) Rojojo "For the Imperial property, a very thick robe, a thin safflower twill robe, a robe woven with cherry blossoms, and azalea woven thongs, etc." ※Makura (end of the 10th century) 83 "The robe of cherry blossoms has a beautiful flower pattern and a glossy lining, which is beautiful and beautiful." ⑤ A pattern of cherry blossoms. A pattern of cherry blossoms. A pattern of cherry blossoms. ※Tamaki Haru (1219) "Cherry blossoms are scattered on woven utensils, Nishiki, and woven skirts and karaginu" ⑥ Name of a crest. A pattern of cherry blossoms. There are cherry blossoms, mountain cherry blossoms, Hosokawa cherry blossoms, Yamato cherry blossoms, Ura cherry blossoms, Sakurai cherry blossoms , floating line cherry blossoms, three-part cherry blossoms, and double cherry blossoms. ⑦ (Because of its cherry blossom color) Horse meat. Sakuraniku. ※Michido (1914) by Takamura Kotaro, "Summer Night Appetite: Horse meat served on a steak plate, foamy horse meat ( sakura) fibers." ⑧ (Because of the cherry blossom flower stamp) Another name for Tenpo Ichibu Gin. ※Ninjyohon Yanagi no Yokogushi (around 1853), first, "Occasionally, the young master is always busy, so could you please lend me three inch silver (sakura ) ?" ⑨ Another name for Kotenjin, a class of prostitutes in the pleasure quarters of Kamigata . ※Ukiyo-zoshi Koshoku Ubumo (around 1695), 1: "The tayu in the Kadomatsu section, the fragrance of plum blossoms is better than that of cherry blossoms, so call them by the names of Tayu Tenjin and Niki." ⑩ Abbreviation of "Sakurayu (cherry blossom bath ) ." ※Kabuki Tsuzurigo Oden Kanasho (Takahashi Oden) (1879), 6th act: "'I don't like sweet things, so please give me a cup of sakurayu' 'Yes, yes, sister, please give me a cherry blossom.'" ⑪ The name of a hanafuda card with a picture of a cherry blossom on it. ※Genkaku-sanbo (1927), Akutagawa Ryunosuke, 5: "One night in a dream, he was talking about a new hanafuda card, ' Sakura Twenty.'" ⑫ The name of a part of a fish's fin. It refers to the middle part of the dorsal fin. ⑬ In Edo period theaters, a special box seat for people who are asked to call out to the actors. Also, that person. Taro box seat. ※Nansu Man'yū Shūi (around 1820) vol. 4 "Sakura, Taro's box seat, not selling to customers" ⑭ A person who is a member of the traders' circle at a street stall, pretending to be a customer and buying and praising goods to stimulate other customers' desire to buy. Also, a slang term for familiarity. ※Ofu Penal Code Regulations - October 1789 (Kansei 1) "If a person who is asked to play gambling as a sakura agrees to be called a sakura, he or she may be punished without discrimination, just like the person himself" ⑮ To take on a role that is convenient for someone at their request. Also, that person. ※Manzai Dokushohon (1936)〈Yokoyama Entatsu〉Akireta Renchu "So, I'd like Ishida-kun to try this experiment as a member of the public, that is, as a 'Sakura'." ⑯ ("Sakura" is used instead of "Sakura") = Sakurazumi (Sakura coal) ※Zappai, Yanagi Taru-10 (1775) "Fukigara wa buriburi ga naka no sakura" ⑰ Abbreviation of "Sakon no sakura" ※Zappai, Yanagi Taru-13 (1778) "Sono kurasa hayata sakura ni tsukkakari" [2] [Ichi] The title of a line spoken at the beginning of a Heike song. The content is that Sakuramachi Chunagon prayed to Taizan Fukun to extend the life of the cherry blossoms. It is said that when biwa hoshi recite the Heike Monogatari, this is always the first thing they say. [II] Koto song. A short piece used to teach beginners. Composer unknown. During the Meiji period, the Ministry of Education revised the old song "Saita Sakura" (Sakura blooms), and included the lyrics "Sakura, Sakura, Yayoi no sora wa..." in "Koto Kyōkyokushū Vol. 1" (Tokyo Music School). Sakura Sakura. [3] The nickname of the sleeper express train (Blue Train) that ran between Tokyo and Nagasaki. It was originally named in 1929 as the name of a limited express train that ran between Tokyo and Shimonoseki from 1923 to 1942. It was revived in 1934 and abolished in 2005. [4] One of the administrative districts of Saitama City. Established in 2003. It occupies the southwestern part of the city, on the left bank of the Arakawa River, and is home to Saitama University and Sakurasō Park. [5] (Sakura) A place name in central Tochigi Prefecture. Ujiie and Kiryugawa flourished as post towns on the Ou Kaido road. It was incorporated as a city in 2005 .

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① バラ科サクラ属のうちの一群。落葉高木または低木。北半球の温帯ないし暖帯に分布し、特に東アジアに多く、数十の野生種がある。花はふつう春に咲き、葉の展開に先だって開くことが多い。淡紅・白などの美しい五弁花で、八重咲きのものもある。古くから和歌や絵画にとり上げられ、現在日本の国花とされる。観賞用に古くから栽培され江戸時代以来おびただしい数の園芸品種が作られた。材は版木、家具、建築、造船などに使い、樹皮は強靱なので細工物に用いたり、曲物(まげもの)の綴じ目に用いたりするほか、漢方で鎮咳(ちんがい)、袪痰(きょたん)薬に用いる。塩漬けにした花や蕾は桜湯にして飲み、ミザクラ（オウトウ）の実はサクランボと称して食用にする。ヤマザクラ、サトザクラ、オオシマザクラ、ソメイヨシノ、エドヒガン、ヒガンザクラなど。《季・春》※書紀（720）允恭八年二月・歌謡「花妙(ぐは)し佐区羅(サクラ)の愛(め)でこと愛でば早くは愛でず我が愛づる子ら」※古今（905‐914）春上・五三「世中にたえてさくらのなかりせば春の心はのどけからまし〈在原業平〉」② ①の木材。材質は緻密で、家具材・器具材・船材などに用いられる。江戸時代には版木としても用いられた。桜の木。〔大和本草（1709）〕③ 「さくらがわ（桜皮）」の略。※雑俳・柳多留‐一五〇（1838‐40）「酒は梅肴さくらで酔がさめ」④ 「さくらいろ（桜色）」また、「さくらがさね（桜襲）」の略。※宇津保（970‐999頃）楼上上「御料に、いと濃き袿一襲、薄き蘇枋の綾の袿、さくらの織物の直衣、つつじの織物の指貫など」※枕（１０Ｃ終）八三「さくらの直衣のいみじくはなばなと、裏のつやなど、えもいはずきよらなるに」⑤ 桜の花を図案化したもの。桜の花の模様。桜模様。※たまきはる（1219）「さくらのちりばな織りうかし、にしき、織り物の裳唐衣などにも」⑥ 紋所の名。桜の花を図案化したもの。桜、山桜、細川桜、大和桜、裏桜、桜井桜、浮線桜(ふせんざくら)、三つ割り桜、八重桜などがある。⑦ (色が桜色であるところから) 馬肉のこと。さくらにく。※道程（1914）〈高村光太郎〉夏の夜の食慾「ビフテキの皿に馬肉(ばにく)を盛る泡のういた馬肉(サクラ)の繊維」⑧ (桜の花の刻印があるところから) 天保一分銀の異称。※人情本・柳之横櫛（1853頃）初「時に若旦那毎度まうし兼ましたが一寸額銀(サクラ)を三分(みっつ)ばかりお借なすって下さいませんか」⑨ 上方の遊里で、遊女の階級である小天神(こてんじん)の異称。※浮世草子・好色産毛（1695頃）一「門松の部の太夫職、梅が香は桜に勝、太夫天神と二木の名に呼れ」⑩ 「さくらゆ（桜湯）」の略。※歌舞伎・綴合於伝仮名書（高橋お伝）（1879）六幕「『甘いのはいかねえから、桜湯を一杯くんねえ』『ハイハイ、姉さん桜(サクラ)を上げて下さいましよ』」⑪ 花札で、桜の花の絵が描いてある札の称。※玄鶴山房（1927）〈芥川龍之介〉五「彼は或夜の夢の中にはまだ新しい花札の『桜(サクラ)の二十』と話してゐた」⑫ 魚のひれの部分の名。背びれの中程の部分をいう。⑬ 江戸時代の劇場で、頼まれて役者に声をかける者などを入れるための特別の桟敷。また、その者。太郎桟敷。※南水漫遊拾遺（1820頃）四「さくら客にうらぬ太郎桟敷」⑭ 露店などの、業者の仲間で、客を装って品物を買ったりほめたりして他の客の購買心をそそる者。また、なれあいをいう俗語。※尾府刑法規則‐寛政元年（1789）一〇月「てら博奕打之内、さくらに被頼候者も、てらと申儀承知に候得ば、本人同様、無差別、御仕置可申付事」⑮ ある人に頼まれて、その人の都合のいいような役回りを引き受けること。また、その人。※漫才読本（1936）〈横山エンタツ〉あきれた連中「ついては、石田君に、公衆の一人として、つまり『サクラ』になって、その実験をして欲しい」⑯ (「佐倉」に「桜」を当てたもの) ＝さくらずみ（佐倉炭）※雑俳・柳多留‐一〇（1775）「ふきがらは桜の中でいぶり出し」⑰ 「さこん（左近）の桜」の略。※雑俳・柳多留‐一三（1778）「そのくらさ早太さくらにつっかかり」[2][一] 平曲の冒頭に語られる一句の曲名。桜町中納言が泰山府君(たいざんふくん)に祈って桜の花の命を延ばしたという内容。琵琶法師が平家物語を語る際に、かならず最初にこれを語ったという。[二] 箏曲。初心者の手ほどきに用いられる小曲。作曲者不明。明治時代、文部省で「咲いた桜」の古謡を改作し、「さくら、さくら、彌生の空は…」の歌詞を定めて「箏曲集第一編」（東京音楽学校）におさめた。さくらさくら。[三] 東京、長崎間に運行された寝台特急列車（ブルートレーン）の愛称。もと、大正一二～昭和一七年（一九二三‐四二）、東京と下関との間に運行されていた特別急行列車を昭和四年（一九二九）に命名したのが始まり。同三四年に復活し、平成一七年（二〇〇五）に廃止。[四] さいたま市の行政区の一つ。平成一五年（二〇〇三）成立。市南西部、荒川左岸を占め、埼玉大学、さくらそう公園などがある。[五] (さくら) 栃木県中部の地名。氏家、喜連川は奥州街道の宿場として栄えた。平成一七年（二〇〇五）市制。

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