A stratum sandwiching a coal seam, usually called a superposition in Japan. It is a layer that is 1 meter to 200-300 meters thick and is made up of claystone, shale, siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, etc. Coal layers sandwiched between coal seams can range from one to several dozen layers, and these are often piled up repeatedly as sedimentary layers with a certain stratigraphy, forming a series of layers called cyclothems. Cyclotems are formed by the uplift and subsidence or transgression and regression of unstable coal sedimentary basins, and the lower half of a cyclothem is made up of non-marine strata and the upper half is made up of marine strata. Many cyclothems have been found in the coal seams of the Ishikari, Kushiro, and Joban coalfields. [Akihiro Murata] "Science Discovery Series 17: What is Coal?" by Isaac Asimov, translated and supervised by Hitoshi Takeuchi (1989, Japan Lighthouse)" ▽ "Geology of Japan" by Toshio Kimura et al. (1993, University of Tokyo Press) ▽ "Knowledge of Strata: Exploring the Quaternary Period" by Hiroshi Machida, Fusao Arai, and Hiroshi Moriwaki (2000, Tokyo Bijutsu)" [Reference items] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
石炭層を挟む地層で、日本では通常、累(るい)層の単位でよぶ。1メートルから200~300メートルの厚さの地層で、粘土岩、頁(けつ)岩、シルト岩、砂岩、礫(れき)岩、石灰岩などからなる。夾炭層に挟まれる石炭層は1層から数十層であり、これらはある一定の層序をもった堆積(たいせき)層が何回も繰り返して累重し、サイクロセムcyclothemという一連の地層を形成することが多い。サイクロセムは不安定な石炭堆積盆の上昇、沈降または海進、海退によって形成され、一つのサイクロセムの下半部は非海成層、上半部は海成層よりなる。石狩、釧路(くしろ)、常磐(じょうばん)各炭田の夾炭層中にも多くのサイクロセムが認められていた。 [村田明広] 『アイザク・アシモフ著、竹内均訳・監修『科学発見シリーズ17 石炭ってなに?』(1989・日本ライトハウス)』▽『木村敏雄ほか著『日本の地質』(1993・東京大学出版会)』▽『町田洋・新井房夫・森脇広著『地層の知識――第四紀をさぐる』(2000・東京美術)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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