Native trout - Zairaisu

Japanese: 在来マス - ざいらいます
Native trout - Zairaisu
A general term for salmon and trout species that have existed in Japan since ancient times. This term was created to contrast imported species such as rainbow trout (illustration) as they became widespread throughout the country. Trout farming in Japan began in 1877, when rainbow trout eggs were imported to Tokyo from Shasta, California. After World War II, freezing technology was established and trout began to be exported to the United States, and farms were opened all over Japan, leading to a rapid increase in production. Rainbow trout can tolerate relatively high water temperatures (18°C for hatching, 25°C for rearing) and are easy to collect eggs and rear, so they have invaded the habitats of yamame, amago, iwame, kokanee, iwana, amemasu, Dolly Varden, and gogi, which were previously found in cold water areas deep in the mountains.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
日本古来から生存していたサケ・マス類の総称。輸入種であるニジマス(イラスト)その他が全国に普及するにつれ,それに対比させて生まれたことば。日本におけるマス類の養殖の始まりは,1877年アメリカのカリフォルニア州シャスタのニジマス卵を東京に輸入してからで,第2次世界大戦後,冷凍技術が確立してアメリカへ輸出するようになって急速に日本各地に養殖場が開設され生産量が増大した。ニジマスは,比較的高い水温(孵化(ふか)18℃,飼育25℃)でも耐えること,採卵・飼育が容易なことから,従来から山奥の冷水域に分布していたヤマメ,アマゴ,イワメ,ヒメマス,イワナ,アメマス,オショロコマ,ゴギなどの生息域に侵入していった。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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