Resale price maintenance contract

Japanese: 再販売価格維持契約 - さいはんばいかかくいじけいやく(英語表記)resale-price maintenance contract
Resale price maintenance contract

A contract between a producer and a distributor that stipulates that the distributor maintains the resale (wholesale and retail) price set by the producer. It is also called a resale system or resale contract for short. Resale can be time-limited or permanent, depending on whether the period of application is limited, partial or comprehensive, depending on the range of applicable products, and price range or fixed, depending on whether discounts are allowed. The purpose of such a contract is to prevent a situation in which the profits of all parties involved are damaged by underselling of products, such as producers losing credibility of the product, distributors being unable to secure the necessary margin (profit margin), and consumers being unable to receive sufficient product explanations and services as a result. However, on the other hand, in reality, producers, especially powerful oligopolistic companies, have forced distributors to maintain fixed prices, leading to downward price rigidity and creating unnecessary service competition among distributors, which has often been an obstacle to giving consumers the benefits of a free economy. For this reason, in Japan, designated resale is prohibited in principle under the Antimonopoly Act, and has only been permitted for items designated by the Fair Trade Commission (designated resale). The requirements for designation are that the uniformity of the product's quality must be easily identifiable, that the product is used daily by general consumers, that there is free competition for the product, and that the implementation of the resale system does not harm the interests of general consumers. In Japan, it was implemented for trademarked products such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, but was abolished in 1993, and designated resale itself was abolished in 1996. However, as an exception, it was decided that copyrighted works (books, magazines, newspapers, music software) will be maintained for the time being.

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

[Reference] | Antitrust Law | Unfair Trade Practices

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生産者と流通業者との間で生産者が設定した転売(卸売りと小売り)価格を流通業者が維持することを定めた契約のこと。略して再販制、再販契約ともいう。再販には、適用期間を限定するか否かによる時限再販か永久再販、適用商品範囲による部分再販か包括再販、値引きを許容するか否かによる値幅再販か確定再販の別がある。このような契約が結ばれる目的は、商品の乱売が行われると、生産者にとっては商品の信用が失われ、流通業者にとっては必要なマージン(利幅)が確保できなくなり、その結果として消費者にとっては商品の説明やサービスが十分に受けられなくなるなど、関係者すべての利益が損なわれる状態に陥ることを防止するという点にある。しかしその反面、現実には、生産者とくに強力な寡占企業が流通業者に定価の維持を強制して価格の下方硬直をもたらし、流通業者間の無用なサービス競争を生み出すなど、消費者に自由経済の恩恵を与えるうえで障害になることが多かった。このため、日本では、独占禁止法により原則的に禁止され、公正取引委員会の指定した品目についてのみ実施(指定再販)が認められてきた。指定の要件は、商品の品質の一様性の識別が容易にできること、その商品が一般消費者により日常使用されるものであること、その商品について自由な競争が行われていること、再販制を実施しても一般消費者の利益が害されないこと、などである。日本では医薬品、化粧品などの商標品について実施されてきたが1993年(平成5)に廃止され、1996年には指定再販そのものが廃止された。ただし例外として、著作物(書籍、雑誌、新聞、音楽ソフト)については、当面維持されるとされた。

[森本三男]

[参照項目] | 独占禁止法 | 不公正取引

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Criticism of the trial

>>:  Forensic psychology - saibanshinrigaku (English spelling) court psychology

Recommend

Changsu-wang (King of Longevity)

[Birth] King Gwanggaeto 3 (394) [Death] King Choju...

Monnet, J.

...However, after the war, this idea was not acce...

Isuzudama - Isuzudama

... Bergeranthus is a small, colonial plant with ...

Barium carbonate

Barium carbonate. It occurs naturally as witherit...

Epidermal cyst (atheroma)

What is the disease? It gradually grows larger as...

hibakusha

...People who suffered physical damage especially...

Achoran - Achoran

...Population: about 15,000. From the 7th century...

Keicho Kenmonshu - The Keicho Era

A record of the observations made in the early Edo...

Zamora (English spelling)

Its official name is Zamora de Hidalgo. It is a ci...

Foraminifera

…the order Foraminifera, a protozoan of the genus...

Consulado (English spelling)

A merchant guild organization established in Spain...

Children's activities - tong xing (English)

In China, this refers to the members of a Buddhist...

Moriah

…In the southeast corner, a large flat area is ca...

Comedy of humours

A type of English comedy. Based on the medieval me...

Culaea

...The stickleback and the three-spined stickleba...