Ch'oe Ch'iwǒn (English spelling)

Japanese: 崔致遠 - さいちえん（英語表記）Ch'oe Ch'iwǒn

[Born] King Heonan 2 (858)
[Dead]?
A Korean writer from the late Silla period. His pen names were Goun and Haeun. His posthumous name was Munchang Hou. He was from the Saryangbu region of Gyeongju, the royal capital. He went to China at the age of 12. At the age of 18, he passed the Tang civil service examination. During the Hwangchao Rebellion, he became a secretary for Gobyeong, and made a name for himself by writing a manifesto. In the 11th year of King Heonkang's reign (885), he returned to Korea and became a samurai reader and Hanlin scholar, and later a samurai of the Ministry of War, but he was unable to demonstrate his talent due to political uncertainty. In the 7th year of Queen Jinseong's reign (893), he was appointed as a Tang envoy, but was unable to fulfill his mission. The following year, he submitted more than 10 articles of the Jimu. He later resigned from his post and retired to Haeinsa Temple in Gayasan. When Goryeo was founded, he supported it, and many of his disciples served in the Goryeo dynasty. He was a leading figure in Korean Chinese literature and a master of the 46-byeol style. In the middle of his life, he retreated to a mountain temple and cut off all contact with the world, which led later literary scholars to regard him as a representative figure of the fugitive lifestyle and even to consider him a man of divine instruction. His poems and prose remain in the Gyeongwon Bikkong (20 volumes), as well as in the Dongmunseon (Eastern Moon Selection), the Annotated Ten Poems, and in Silla inscriptions.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]憲安王2(858)
[没]?
朝鮮，新羅末期の文人。字は孤雲，海雲。諡は文昌侯。王都慶州の沙梁部出身。 12歳で渡唐。 18歳で唐の科挙に及第。黄巣の乱では高駢 (こうべん) の従事 (書記) となり，檄文を草して名をあげた。憲康王 11 (885) 年帰国して侍読兼翰林学士となり，のち兵部侍郎となったが，政局が不安でその才能を発揮できなかった。真聖女王7 (893) 年遣唐使に任じられたが果さず，翌年時務 10条余を具申した。のち官を辞して伽倻山海印寺に隠棲。高麗が興るとこれを支持し，彼の門人で高麗朝に仕官した者も少くない。彼は朝鮮漢文学の第一人者で四六駢儷体の大家である。また人生のなかばにして山寺に隠れ，世間との交渉を断ったために後世の文人学者は彼を逃避生活の代表的人物とみなし，神仙伝中の人のごとくにさえ考えている。彼の詩文は『桂苑筆耕』 (20巻) のほか，『東文選』『挟註十抄詩』および新羅の碑文に残っている。

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