The general assets of the debtor are the last resort for the creditor to receive payment. In order to preserve such general assets, the creditor's right to rescind is the right or system for the creditor to negate (cancel) the effect of the debtor's actions (fraudulent acts) that unduly reduce them and recover what has been lost from the debtor's general assets (Civil Code, Article 424). It is also called the right to rescind fraudulent acts or the right to quash a lawsuit. In order for the creditor's right to rescind a lawsuit to be established, first, there must be a fraudulent act, that is, a legal act that directly targets property rights must be validly established, thereby reducing the debtor's general assets and harming the creditor (for example, selling real estate at a low price). Secondly, the debtor and the beneficiary or transferee must be in bad faith. The method of exercising the right to rescind a lawsuit is by lawsuit. The effect of rescinding the lawsuit is to invalidate the legal act between the creditor who is the party to the lawsuit and the beneficiary or transferee (relative invalidity), and it takes effect for all creditors. The right to rescind a contract will be extinguished by prescription two years after the obligee became aware of the cause for rescission or 20 years after the act was performed (Article 426 of the same law). [Takahisa Awaji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
債務者の一般財産は、債権者にとって、弁済を受けるための最後のよりどころとなる。このような一般財産を保全するために、これを不当に減少させる債務者の行為(詐害(さがい)行為)の効力を否認(取消し)して、債務者の一般財産から逸出したものを取り戻すことを目的とする債権者の権利ないし制度が債権者取消権である(民法424条)。詐害行為取消権ないし廃罷訴権ともいう。債権者取消権が成立するためには、第一に、詐害行為が存在すること、すなわち、直接に財産権を目的とする法律行為が有効に成立することによって債務者の一般財産が減少し、債権者が害されること(たとえば不動産を廉価に売却したなど)が必要である。第二に、債務者および受益者または転得者が悪意であることを必要とする。取消権行使の方法は訴えによる。取消しの効果は、訴訟当事者たる債権者と受益者または転得者との間で法律行為を無効にすること(相対的無効)であり、それは総債権者のために効力を生ずる。取消権は、債権者が取消原因を覚知したときから2年、行為のときから20年を経過すると、時効によって消滅する(同法426条)。 [淡路剛久] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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