Saiga (English spelling)

Japanese: サイガ - さいが(英語表記)saiga
Saiga (English spelling)

They are mammals of the order Artiodactyla and the family Bovidae. They were once found in France and England during the Ice Age, but are now distributed throughout Central Asia, living in the cold grasslands. They stand 60-80cm tall at the shoulder and weigh 23-40kg. Only males have horns, which are 25-30cm long. Their body color varies with the seasons, yellowish brown on the top in summer and white in winter. Their face and underside are white. Their large nostrils are said to moisten dry air and warm cold air. They live in herds of 30-40 in summer, but sometimes the herds gather together and number about 1,000. There is no hierarchy in the herd, and no leader, but in December one male leads 5-15 females and becomes the leader. During this time, young males form another large herd. After mating, they form a large herd again. Their diet is mainly grass. They are fast runners, reaching speeds of 70-80 km per hour. When chased by an enemy, they sometimes jump high to catch sight of the enemy. The gestation period is about five months, and they give birth to 1-3 babies, usually 2.

[Tadaaki Imaizumi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目ウシ科の動物。かつて氷河時代にはフランスやイギリスにもいたが、現在は中央アジアに分布し、寒冷な草原に生息する。肩高60~80センチメートル、体重23~40キログラム。角(つの)は雄だけにあり、長さ25~30センチメートル。体色は季節で異なり、夏は上面が黄褐色、冬は白色を帯びる。顔や腹面は白色。大きな鼻孔は乾燥した空気に湿気を与え、冷たい空気を暖める働きがあるという。夏は30~40頭の群れでいるが、ときとしてその群れが集まって1000頭ほどになる。群れに順位はなく、リーダーもいないが、12月には1頭の雄が5~15頭の雌を従え、リーダーとなる。この時期に若い雄は別の大きな群れをつくる。交尾期が終わると、ふたたび大きな群れを形成する。食物はおもに草である。走るのが速く、時速70~80キロメートルに達する。敵に追われると、ときおり高く跳び、敵を見る。妊娠期間は約5か月で、1産1~3子、普通2子を産む。

[今泉忠明]

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